Huggies brand Pull-Ups Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Huggies brand Pull-Ups - Research Paper Example A set of effective marketing strategies can be formulated if the organization or specifically the marketing department or team does a marketing research. Marketing research involves studying and analysing the ‘market’ in which the product or service is going to be sold, and it specifically involves studying the prospective customers, to whom the product or service is going to be sold, as well as other related aspects. As defined American Marketing Association (cited in Onkvisit and Shaw, 2008) â€Å"Marketing research is the systematic gathering, recording, and analysis of data about issues relating to marketing products and services.† In addition, its goal is to identify and analyze the factors that impacts customer behaviour. Thus, when a product including baby related products like Huggies Pull-Ups is to be sold to the customers, the marketing research will be done, and as the first process key data about the customers or market to be targeted will be gathered. Then, the gathered information can be analyzed and arranged with certain tools before being presented to the management or the marketing team to study and come up with apt marketing plan. So, this paper focusing on the product of Huggies Pull-Ups will discuss how the data about it can be gathered, analyzed and presented to the management or the marketing team. ... Thus, it caters to the whole family by variety of products. â€Å"It's no surprise that our family and personal care brands such as Kleenex, Scott, Huggies, Pull-Ups, Kotex, Poise and Depend, are instantly recognizable to millions. After all, we've been in the business of providing essentials for a better life for nearly 140 years† (â€Å"Overview†, n. d). Among those products, the products for children are marketed under the brand name of Huggies, which includes the Pull-Ups. Pull-Ups are actually disposable inner pants that can be worn by children to prevent urine and motion discharge. However, it is different from normal diapers, as it uses a simple pull up method, thus enabling even small children to use it by pulling up and down like a normal pant or trouser. This product was first introduced in the year 1989, with a motto of â€Å"I'm a big kid now!†, thus implying that diapers are only for toddlers or babies, and children who have grown a little and into a small kid, needs different wear to manage their bladder and bowel movements. As a further extension of their marketing strategies, Huggies Pull-Ups incorporated colourful picture designs on the pants. For example, the pants for boys had designs in blue and they feature characters and other action figures from the children’s movies Cars and Toy Story, while, girls’ pants were predominantly designed in pink colour with pictures of Disney Princesses featured in the pant. These pictures apart from making the product entice-able have been added to reflect the unique feature of the pants, and to make the children, using it, fulfil its purpose. That is, these unique

Harlem Renaissance Essay Example for Free

Harlem Renaissance Essay Claude McKay was Jamaican American who moved from Jamaica to the United States in 1912. He attended the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. This is where he received his first taste of racism here in America and this would have a drastic effect on his future writing. He left the Tuskegee Institute to attend school in Manhattan, Kansas. Mr. McKay then moved to New York invested in a restaurant and got married. The restaurant fell through and McKay moved back to Jamaica. He later became an editor of the Liberator and wrote some of his own poems during the time period known as the red summer. One of his poems he wrote in protest of the harsh times would later be used by Winston Churchill during World War II to motivate the soldiers. (Modern American Poetry, 2011) â€Å"If We Must Die†, written by Claude McKay during the summer of 1919, is a mantra for people to stand up against those who wish to keep them down or in Churchill’s case to kill them during battle(Sayre, 2012). He is saying even if they must die they should do it with dignity. They may only have the grave to come, but he does not wish them to just lie down even in the face of adversity. Claude McKay displays double consciousness from the time he comes to America. He is first an intelligent Jamaican man who has come here to America in search of an education. Here he was seen by the white Americans around him in Alabama as nothing more than just another â€Å"colored† man. Claude had to deal with both being â€Å"colored† or â€Å"Negro† and being an American. In his poem â€Å"If we must die† McKay shows the idea of double consciousness all the way through. He shows the pride of a dignified man who will not just sit back while anyone attempts to push down into the grave. His writing is not specific to one race or ethnicity, as proven when the British Prime Minister used it to motivate the British and American soldiers. (Sayre, 2012) Langston Hughes was a young poe t, writer, and musician during the Harlem renaissance period. According to Sayre (2012), Langston was like many African-Americans searching for a freedom they could not find in America moved to Paris. In France he was subjected to a music very similar to jazz and ragtime. Harlem was quickly becoming the Paris of America to African-Americans because they were free to be who they want to be and accepted by all those around. When Hughes moved backed to Harlem he became one of the most powerful voices for the African-Americans in Harlem due to his abilities, according to Sayre. His capability to speak to your emotion and to create a feeling empathy, as well as his use the local speech, grammar, and dialect made his works attractive to all. According to the Kansas Heritage Group (n.d.), Langston Hughes had only been in college a year before finding the allure of Harlem, where he met many other famous poets of the times. Langston Hughes wrote the poem â€Å"As I grew older† describing how he has a dream but because he is a â€Å"Black† man he has walls that rise up between himself and his dream. This is a perfect example of double consciousness, because like all Americans he has these dreams that are always growing within him. However because of his ethnicity he has walls that are placed in his path. He feels because he is black man he is being forced down into the shadows and blocked from his dreams. He also is persistent enough in the poem to not lie in the shadows and let the wall win. He breaks through the wall and pursues his dreams despites the efforts to block him. (Poemhunter.com, 2003) The poetry of the times brings out the views and emotions of the people who were writing it. These poems bring out the feelings desire to be free to chase their dreams that write about as well. There are many poems that display thoughts of death and dying. Some of the themes were being brought on by the war, while others are themes were brought on by the feelings of oppression and racism. The biggest theme of them all is the fact we are American, whether we are black or white, Jamaican, German, or French descent, we are American. In Langston Hughes poem â€Å"Theme for English B† he states he is black and â€Å"You are white- yet a part of me, as I am a part of you. That’s American†. We are all American and we are all one. We all have similar desires not identical but similar in nature. We want to be free to be what and who we want to be without being held back by others who wish to hold us back in order to advance themselves. In his poem â€Å"As I grew older† he writes about oppression, â€Å"And then the wall rose, Rose slowly, Slowly, Between me and my dream†, The wall rising is the oppression brought about by the racism he faced here in America. Claude McKay in â€Å"If We Must Die† he writes a poem that can used to motivate a group of people as Churchill used to motivate the soldiers of WWI or to motivate the African-Americans here in America. He wants his people to have their honor even in death. â€Å"If we must die-oh, let us nobly die,† He wants to be seen with honor and dignity as he wishes for all his people. In the poem Christianity I write about beliefs and faith in a world where it seems to shun anyone who openly believes in Jesus Christ and his teachings. In today’s society Christians are often told they are cannot display their crosses in public spaces, because â€Å"we are pushing our beliefs on others†. This country was formed with the idea that people would have their freedoms. Freedoms that their previous government denied them, and one of the biggest freedoms they searched for was freedom to practice the religion of their choice. Christianity in its many forms was the biggest religion at the time of this country formation and you can see that in many ways even still today, however publically today there seems to be a push to hide all forms of religion. Christianity seems to be the religion that people wish to hide the most. This is why I chose to use this theme for my poem. Christianity Faith Belief in only one Love all – even my enemy They don’t want love They don’t want faith Truth Will Science ever agree Where is your evidence Is your truth, My truth Freedom Freedom to live Freedom to Love Freedom to believe Freedom to question Faith Who wants it Who needs it Why have it They certainly do not want it References Modern American Poetry (2011). Claude McKay. Retrieved from http://www.english.illinois. edu/maps/poets/m_r/mckay/mckay.htm PoemHunter.com (January, 2003) As I grew older by Langston Hughes. Retrieved from http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/as-i-grew-older/ Sayre, H. M. (2012). The Humanities: Culture, continuity and change, Volume 2 (2nd ed.). (2011 Custom Edition). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. Kansas Heritage Group, (n.d.). Langston Hughes Biography. Retrieved from http://www. kansasheritage.org/crossingboundaries/page6e1.html

The Debate Over Artificial Intelligence Essay -- Exploratory Essays Re

The Debate Over Artificial Intelligence    Can machines think? Or rather, can we develop true artificial intelligence in the sense of machines that think and understand as we humans do? This is an interesting problem that is becoming more and more relevant in our lives as computers become more complex and integral to our lives. Two articles, John Searle's "Minds, Brains, and Programs" and William Lycan's "Robots and Minds", present two different answers to this question and also raise several new questions. John Searle takes the position that on one level computers do think - they manipulate symbols - yet on another level they do not think - computers do not understand the symbols they are manipulating to mean anything in the sense that we humans do. Lycan takes the position that yes, computers do think, and that it is quite possibly only a matter of time before a machine can be created that not only looks and behaves like a person, but also thinks like a person. Therefore, Lycan claims, the suitably programmed machine of thi s complexity is a person as much as you and I are. I fall more on Lycan's side of the argument. Words such as "intelligence" and "understanding" have variations in their definitions depending on whom you ask. It is often hard to come up with even a simple definition once one delves into the problems at hand. But, since we as humans (in particular Searle) often try to separate ourselves from computers by saying that we understand the meaning of the symbols we manipulate, it is necessary that I give a useful and accurate meaning to the words (or symbols) I will be using. I define "thinking" as processing information, with any level of complexity. I include in the thinking category a thermostat makin... ...a human who's body is almost entirely mechanical) are people? If we cannot distinguish their minds from regular humans', then we have no basis for denying that they have the same basic rights. As for the second question, that is much tougher, and he makes the analogy to animal rights, for even now computers exhibit intelligence that is roughly equal to many animals. However, since I have proved my main point, and run over my page limit, I will now bow out. The area of animal rights is still hotly debated, and we still often disagree on many aspects of human rights. These areas are the subject of many papers, articles, news stories, even organizations. Maybe, if only to prevent a repeat of our confusion morally over our sudden ability to clone complex biological organisms, we should start looking now at the issue of "computer rights". It still sounds strange to me.   

Love Song of J.Alfrrd Prufrock Notes

The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock â€Å"A reader’s response to a text is influenced by that responder’s social, cultural and historical context† Choosing one of T. S Eliot’s poems set for study, consider to what extent your personal response to your chosen poem has been shaped by the enduring power of its intellectual and artistic qualities. (Quote) â€Å"There will be time, there will be time To prepare a face to meet the faces that you meet;† Good morning /Afternoon Ms and fellow classmates. A reader’s personal response to a text is shaped by the enduring power of its intellectual and artistic qualities.Their response is influenced by that responder’s social, cultural and historical context which is why texts including ‘The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock’ can be interpreted in various ways by various people. ‘The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock‘, was composed by poet T. S Eliot. Born in St Louis Missouri U SA, he attended Harvard University in 1906 and was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1948. ‘The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock’ was the earliest of T. S Eliot’s major works and was completed between 1910 and 1911.It is an examination of the tortured mind of the prototypical modern man – eloquent, neurotic and emotionally stilted. The ideas and themes explored and their relevance to us today: In ‘The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock’ there are various themes, symbols and ideas explored. The damaged mind of humanity and the changing nature of gender roles are two of the main themes explored in the poem. Like many modernist writers, Eliot wanted to capture the transformed world which he perceived as fractured and denigrated and also wanted his poetry to express the fragile psychological state of humanity in the twentieth century.In the poem ‘The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock’ Prufrock, the poems persona, is constantly quest ioning the romantic ideal of society; wondering whether he should make a radical change, or if he has the fortitude to continue living demonstrating a sense of indecisive paralysis in the persona. This is seen when Prufrock, unable to make decisions, watches women wander in and out of a room, â€Å"talking of Michelangelo. † Humanity’s collectively damaged psyche prevented people from communicating with one another, an idea that is clearly evident in Eliot’s poem.This also reflects the theme of the changing nature of gender roles, over the course of Eliot’s life, gender roles and sexuality became increasingly flexible, and Eliot reflected those changes in his work, including ‘The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock’. Prufrock is unable to talk to women and fears rejection, this conveys the feeling of emasculation experienced by many men as they returned home from World War 1, which was during Eliot’s time, to find women empowered by their new role as wage earners. These themes evident throughout ‘The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock’ are relevant in today’s contemporary society. Women constantly faced oppression which was seen as conventional in society in the twentieth century, men were the bread winners while women left school early to stay at home and raise children. Throughout history, especially in Eliot’s time, society transformed and women fought back against this inequality, discrimination and injustice in all its forms which led to The Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopting the convention of the equal rights of men and women.This period of revolution is why today, in most parts of the world, women’s rights and freedoms are supported by law and they are no longer ignored or suppressed. The unusual independence from men shown in the women in ‘The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock’ is what cause a shift in society and history and is also why today women have th e right to vote, attend school, earn the same wage as men, and even lead a nation. Your response to the poem as compared to Eliot’s time: My own personal response to ‘The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock’ was, at first, complete confusion as I was unable to understand what it was that Eliot was trying to convey.I soon realised that Prufrock, the poems persona, was psyche Your time and place, reflecting upon the ways in which context has shaped your response to the text: Prufrock, the poems persona, seems to be addressing a potential lover, with whom he would like to â€Å"force the moment to its crisis† by consummating their relationship. But Prufrock knows too much of life to â€Å"dare† and approach the woman: in his mind he hears the comments others make about his inadequacies. The poem moves from a series of fairly concrete physical settings – a cityscape with several interiors- to a series of vague ocean images onveying Prufrock emotional distance from the world as he comes to recognise his second-rate status. â€Å"Prufrock† is powerful for its range of intellectual reference and also vividness of character achieved. The modernist movement and the new perception of the world at the time along with the desire to create something new was one of the main influences in Eliot’s work. Modernist texts emerged in the early 20th century and were influenced by developments in psychoanalysis and anthropology , by social reforms and by the growing industrialisation and mechanisation of society.Modernist texts such as Eliot’s are more interested in representing the inner life of characters. For modernists the process of artistic creation exposed the alienation and displacement that individuals often experience in modern, industrial society. Other influences on Eliot’s work were the changes in religion, evident in Journey of the Magi, his questioning of traditional political paradigms and the way soci ety worked and how it was structured. It is evident that there is use of dramatic monologue throughout Eliot’s piece which helps to express a condition of instability.The epigraph to this poem is from Dante’s Inferno and describes Prufrock’s ideal listener; one who is as lost as the speaker and will not betray to the world the content of Prufrock’s present confessions. In the world Prufrock describes, though, no such sympathetic figure exists, and he must, therefore, be content with silent reflection. Using fictional personalities such as J. Alfred Prufrock to express a state of inner turmoil or a multiplicity of selves contained within one person. J.Alfred Prufrock is not just the speaker of one of Eliot’s poems, he is the representative man of early modernism. Shy, cultivated and oversensitive, the speakers of his poems are trapped inside their own excessive alertiveness. The general fragmentation of the poem is obvious and notorious. The poem se ems a perfect example of what Terry Eagleton calls â€Å"the modern transition from metaphor to metonym ; unable any longer to totalise his experience in some heroic figure, the bourgeois is forced to let trickle away into objects related to him by sheer contiguity. Eliot was interested in the divide between high and low culture â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† is, as the title, implies a song, with various lines repeated as refrains. That poem ends with the song of mermaids luring humans to their deaths by drowning—a scene that echoes Odysseus’s interactions with the Sirens in the Odyssey. Music thus becomes another way in which Eliot collages and references books from past literary traditions. Eliot chooses to make Prufrock an unacknowledged poet

Essay on Public Transportation Means

Public Transportation MeansNeed for holding public transit means particularly in Zouk Mosbeh – Lebanese republic, where Notre Dame University is located in order to:Reduce trafficReduce pollutionHaving a better and healthy topographic pointPossible causes of traffic jam in Zouk Mosbeh-LebanonLack of Planning of metropolis routeLow route infiniteUnplanned arrest or parking infiniteUnplanned metropolis growingHigh migration from rural to urban countriesDifferent velocity vehicleOver populationInsufficient and unequal route infiniteLack of jurisprudence executionNot plenty traffic constabularyLack of consciousnessPoor signaling systemPrivate autoImportant constitutions in Zouk mosbeh such as Notre Dame University and Louaize SchoolImpact of traffic jamEconomyFuel ingestionTransportation system costVehicle runing costHealth related issuesBreathing jobsConcernsMental emphasisUnexpected perspirationFatigueEye jobEnvironmental related issuesAir pollutionSound pollutionWastage and ing estion of clipPossible solutions for traffic jamPublic transit agenciesStrict jurisprudence executionSchool, university, office clip schedulingDecentralizationDetering private autosControling route side activitiesIncrease of public vehiclesIncreasing prosaic installationsMaximize of route breadthDecisionWe as victims will be relievedHaving a better life, and a better topographic point to populate inMentions:Butler, J. , & A ; Christopher, 2008. Road pricing, the economic system, and the environment. Publisher: German capital: Springer.Moutran, M.J. , 2010. Traffic jurisprudence enforcement in Lebanon in visible radiation of European and international pattern.Fioravante, E. F. , & A ; Figoli, M. G. B. 2009. Environmental impact due to automobile usage. Twenty-six IUSSP International Population Conference, Morocco.Issa, J. A. , 2010. Reporting on trafficking in individuals as human rights misdemeanor: instance survey Lebanon.O'Flaherty, & A ; Coleman A. , 2009. The DARPA Urban Challen ge: independent vehicles in traffic metropolis. Publisher: German capital: Springer.O'Flaherty, & A ; Coleman A. , 1993. Transport planning and traffic technology. Pulishers: Dutch capital: Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann, 1997Abou Jaoude, R. , 2013, June 14. Like traffic, Jal al-Dib tunnel programs at deadlock. The Daily Star.Paper Draft Public Transportation Means Transportation plays an of import function in our lives and particularly in our day-to-day modus operandi, including our place topographic point, work, drama, store, travel to university, travel to school, etc. It has a brooding control over residential forms or designs, industrial growing, societal and physical motion. Person should do a witting determination in order to turn up expresswaies, main roads, coach Michigans, particularly in â€Å"Zouk Mosbeh† where â€Å"Notre Dame University – Lebanon† is located. Transportation is a demand and is no less a public rights and quality of life concern. Health, clip, safety and the easiness of entree are the most momentous considerations in transit planning. Are we able to make something in order to promote people non to utilize private autos or to utilize them less by the intercession of public transit agencies? To be honest, by explicating the causes, impacts, and solutions for traffic jam in Zouk Mosbeh we might be able to achieve our ends, and make out for a well determined solution that suites decently everyone. Over the past decennaries, car production and the effort for main road building has gone viral, while urban mass theodolite systems have been disassembled or allowed to fall into disrepair. Hence, the terminal consequence has meant more traffic congestion, societal break, pollution, urban conurbation, wasted energy, and residential segregation. The more we disregard this affair the more jobs we will be confronting subsequently on. Peoples have non received the same public assistances from transit patterned advances and investings. Furthermore, some of the governmental policies in transit, lodging, environment, land usage, and environment may hold even subsidized to and exacerbated societal inequalities. For case, some communities accumulate net incomes from the enlargement undertakings of transit, while other communities endure a lopsided affliction and pay cost for the authorities. By and large, benefits are more disseminated, while costs or loads are more localised. Hence, holding a expressway for us as pupils to make Notre Dame University- Lebanon is non truly a benefit, because non all of us own a auto. A immense bulk of pupils suffer in order to make their university. For illustration, I as a pupil, suffer every twenty-four hours in order to make my category on clip. My journey starts by acquiring in a public coach and range Zouk Mosbeh Bridge ; afterwards as I reach my finish, I will hold to wait for 30 proceedingss at least in order to happen a cab that takes me to where my university is located. Furthermore, you will hold to pay duplicate the monetary value for the cab to take you to the secondary entryway of the university or else you will hold to walk from the chief entryway to make the secondary 1. For case, the same procedure takes topographic point as you leave university towards your place. Is this ethical? Do pupils who neither have a occupation nor have a auto have to travel through this procedure each and every individual twenty-f our hours? I believe that holding appropriate public coachs will break suit everyone. Furthermore, transit is critical to liveable, healthy and sustainable rural and urban communities. The transit strategy influences, and in bend is influenced by, fiscal enlargement determinations, existent estate’s investing determinations, land-use forms, and energy ingestion forms of the public and private sectors. The involvements of those doing transit determinations, upper and in-between category, educated governments chiefly, are served, while the demands, positions and involvements of people, are left out of the decision-making process, working, hapless and transit-dependent people, are non. The worthiness of societal justness and ecological sustainability are non major precedences and primacies in the bing transit system. On the other manus, traffic jam causes wellness jobs. We disregard these issues because we as users have no other solution for this affair. Each and every one of us decidedly suffer from take a breathing jobs, concerns, mental emphasis, unexpected perspiration, fatigue, oculus job, etc†¦ Our wellness is valuable without it we can no longer be able to accomplish our day-to-day undertakings. Then why non seek to work out this affair? Having several public coachs will decidedly hold less impact on our wellness than holding 1000000s of private autos. Most of import, clip is cherished why don’t we save it? We should be at least utilizing our clip for something utile, instead than passing it on route. Besides, in our Lebanese community, we have lack of planning of metropolis route. How much Numberss of autos can a low route infinite support? One of the major causes for our job is that, metropolis growing is unplanned ; neither are stoppage or parking infinites, every bit good as insufficient and unequal route infinite. Zouk Mosbeh is over populated due to the high migration from rural to urban countries. In add-on, there is deficiency of jurisprudence execution, hapless signaling system for drivers, and there is non adequate traffic constabulary to assist cut downing traffic jam. These are due to the deficiency of consciousness of our authorities. As for the of import constitutions in Zouk Mosbeh, Notre Dame University, and Notre Dame School, is a major cause for traffic jam. The route before was for local residential users, and now it has to back up pupils and teachers coming from everyplace in Lebanon. It is true that have such constitutions would increase economic facets, but t here should be a solution for traffic jam in order to ask for people in instead than allowing them go. Furthermore, there are environmental related issues due to the impact of traffic jam such as, air pollution, sound pollution, and noise pollution. How can we hold a healthy everlasting universe if we do non protect our environment? If we can non reconstruct our environment at an early phase, at least we should keep it and forestall its devastation. Hence, if cut down fuel ingestion, our environment will decidedly last thirster. On the other manus, there are some processs that could take topographic point and work out traffic jam. First, public transit agencies such as appropriate public coachs will for certain work out all the above jobs. Second, the authorities should implement rigorous jurisprudence by non leting high velocity vehicles on route, and they should deter private autos. For illustration, if the authorities In fact, the authorities should command route side activities and create arrest for coachs. Besides, there should be school, university, office clip scheduling. This will save clip for everyone. If we all go at the same clip, we will be spending clip on route instead than in university or work. Last but non least, increasing prosaic installations is of import. This would promote people to walk instead than sit in a auto making nil but perspiration. We are people who should take control of our lives. We should be wise plenty to larn from our mistakes. A healthy life is a right for everyone so why don’t we try to gain it?

Organ Donation Essays - Organ Donation, Medical Ethics, Free Essays

Organ Donation Essays - Organ Donation, Medical Ethics, Free Essays Organ Donation Organ donation is a topic which contains many conflicting views. To some of the public population organ donation is a genuine way of saving the life of another, to some it is mistrusted and to others it is not fully understood. There are some techniques that can be used to increase donation. Of these techniques the most crucial would be being educated. If the life threatening and the critical shortage of organs was fully understood by the public, organ donation would more likely be on the rise. An effort is needed throughout the world to make people aware of the benefits this process contains. Advances in medical technology have made it possible to save someone?s life by a process of organ donation. However, the scarcity of available organs is bringing the beneficial process down. By becoming an organ donor, people engage in improving someone else?s life at no cost. Although the question of religious or moral cost comes into effect, virtually there is no physical cost of becoming an organ donor. Organ donation should be seen as the "gift of life" but there are not enough logical explanations to explain this phrase. Whether people are donors, non-donors or recipients, all the public should be aware that organ donation is for the common welfare. Organ Donation-Why People Become Donors The main reason an individual becomes an organ donor is to give someone the "gift of life." By giving someone this privilege a person feels they are adding to another person?s life. Some reasons people give this gift is simply from having a kind heart, they may find the other person?s use for the organ more important than their need or maybe just because they just have no use for the organ. In certain circumstances a family will give consent of a deceased one?s organ in hope of easing their pain and sorrow. They feel by aiding in another life it will take some of their grief away. Organ donors compared to non-donors seem to be highly motivated and a bit more medically sophisticated. Those individuals who decide to become organ donors are those in our population who are willing to better other?s life. Organ Donation-Why People Do Not Become Donors Organ donation to some people is not the "gift of life," but "dying not whole." Religious aspects play a big role in why people don?t become donors, despite the fact that all major religious support organ donation to save lives. Moral beliefs also play into this issue regardless of religion. Several non-donors feel that physicians will terminate life support if they are aware of their wishes to be a donor. Another reason people chose not to become donors is they do not have enough knowledge on the topic. Those who are not donors tend to seem more suspicious and distrustful. Many non-donors have an overall mistrust of the medical community. Non-donors simply mistrust the organ donation system. They have mistrust for the system in regards to physicians and who physicians will award an organ to. Organ Donation-Public Education Needed For organ donation to increase, efforts must be directed to those who are not convinced that donation is for the common welfare. One way to increase organ donation is for physicians to educate their patients better regarding the benefits and success of transplantation. Public education about organ donation and volunteering for donation is needed. There should be more investments in public education programs to promote the idea of organ donation. Neither donors or non-donors have enough knowledge on this topic. Currently in the U.S. an effort to educate the public is underway. This effort is referred to as the Coalition on Donation and Advertising Council. The goal of this coalition is to ensure every individual in the U.S. understands the need for organ donation and accepts it as a human responsibility. Organ Donation-Ways to Increase Awareness organ donation is in serious need for more participants. Medical technology has made it possible to give people a second chance at life and our public population is bringing this chance down. Educational efforts remain most important to increase the success of donation. The public needs to recognize the benefits of such a process. The role of a family must also improve. Although families have the authority to refuse

10 Facts You Didnt Know About Sicily

10 Facts You Didn't Know About Sicily Population: 5,050,486 (2010 estimate)Capital: PalermoArea: 9,927 square miles (25,711 sq km)Highest Point: Mount Etna at 10,890 feet (3,320 m) Sicily is an island located in the Mediterranean Sea. It is the largest island in the Mediterranean. Politically, Sicily and the smaller islands surrounding it are considered an autonomous region of Italy. The island is known for its rugged, volcanic topography, history, culture,  and architecture. The following is a list of ten geographic facts to know about Sicily: Geography Facts About Sicily Sicily has a long history that dates back to ancient times. It is believed that the earliest inhabitants of the island were the Sicani people around 8,000 B.C.E. Around 750 B.C.E, the Greeks began to form settlements on Sicily and the culture of the native peoples of the island gradually shifted. The most important area of Sicily at this time was the Greek colony of Syracuse which controlled most of the island. The Greek-Punic wars then began in 600 B.C.E as the Greeks and Carthaginians fought for control of the island. In 262 B.C.E, Greece and the Roman Republic began to make peace and by 242 B.C.E, Sicily was a Roman province.Control of Sicily then shifted through various empires and people throughout the Early Middle Ages. Some of these included the Germanic Vandals, the Byzantines, Arabs, and Normans. In 1130 C.E., the island became the Kingdom of Sicily and it was known as one of the richest states in Europe at the time. In 1262, Sicilian locals rose up against the government in the War of the Sicilian Vespers which lasted until 1302. More revolts occurred in the 17th century and by the mid-1700s, the island was taken over by Spain. In the 1800s, Sicily joined the Napoleonic Wars and for a time after the wars, it was unified with Naples as the Two Sicilies. In 1848, a revolution took place which separated Sicily from Naples and gave it independence. In 1860 Giuseppe Garibaldi and his Expedition of the Thousand took control of Sicily and the island became a part of the Kingdom of Italy. In 1946, Italy became a republic and Sicily became an autonomous region.The economy of Sicily is relatively strong due to its very fertile, volcanic soil. It also has a long, hot growing season, making agriculture the primary industry on the island. The main agricultural products of Sicily are citrons, oranges, lemons, olives, olive oil, almonds, and grapes. In addition, wine is also a major part of Sicily’s economy. Other industries in Sicily include processed food, chemicals, petroleum, fertilizer, textiles, ships, leather goods, and forest products.In addition to its agriculture and other industries, tourism plays a major role in Sicily’s economy. Tourists often visit the island because of its mild climate, history, culture,  and cuisine. Sicily is also home to several UNESCO World Heritage Sites. These sites include the Archaeo logical Area of Agrigento, the Villa Romana del Casale, the Aeolian Islands, the Late Baroque Towns of the Val de Noto, and Syracuse and the Rocky Necropolis of Pantalica. Throughout its history, Sicily has been influenced by a variety of different cultures, including Greek, Roman, Byzantine, Norman, Saracens,  and Spanish. As a result of these influences, Sicily has a diverse culture, as well as diverse architecture and cuisine. As of 2010, Sicily had a population of 5,050,486 and the majority of the people on the island identify themselves as Sicilian.Sicily is a large, triangular island located in the Mediterranean Sea. It is separated from the mainland of Italy by the Strait of Messina. At their closest points, Sicily and Italy are separated by just 2 miles (3 km) in the northern part of the strait, while in the southern part the distance between the two is 10 miles (16 km). Sicily has an area of 9,927 square miles (25,711 sq km). The autonomous region of Sicily also includes the Aegadian Islands, the Aeolian Islands, Pantelleria, and Lampedusa.Most of Sicily’s topography is hilly to rugged and wherever possible, the land is dominated by a griculture. There are mountains along Sicily’s northern coast, and the island’s highest point, Mount Etna, stands at 10,890 feet (3,320 m) on its eastern coast. Sicily and its surrounding islands are home to a number of active volcanoes. Mount Etna is a very active, having last erupted in 2011. It is the tallest active volcano in Europe. The islands surrounding Sicily are also home to a number of active and dormant volcanoes, including Mount Stromboli in the Aeolian Islands.The climate of Sicily is considered Mediterranean. As such, it has mild, wet winters, and hot, dry summers. Sicily’s capital Palermo has a January average low temperature of 47ËšF (8.2ËšC) and an August average high temperature of 84ËšF (29ËšC).

7 Pep Talk Points About Writing

7 Pep Talk Points About Writing 7 Pep Talk Points About Writing 7 Pep Talk Points About Writing By Mark Nichol Fiction? Nonfiction? It doesn’t matter. It’s all about getting started, but you’ll need a few supplies, and some directions, for your journey: 1. The Elevator Pitch Imagine you’re in an elevator, and a literary agent, a theatrical producer, or a movie star steps in. After a quick greeting (we’re fantasizing here), you mention that you’re writing a story and they ask you what it’s about (fantasizing roll with it). You have 15 seconds before they step off the elevator and (unless you take my advice) out of your life forever. What do you say? That’s an elevator pitch. Without a pitch, you have no story. (Sometimes it’s the first sentence.) Nonfiction? Same. 2. The First Word Sit down and write the first word that comes into your head. The page isn’t blank anymore, and you now have permission to continue. 3. Procrastination Work it into your writing schedule. When you’re getting started each day, allow 5, 10, or 15 minutes to do something else an administrative task, a spot of research, scanning your notes or what you wrote yesterday (but don’t dive in to revise it). Then, when your time is up, get to work. 4. Exposition You’ve heard it before, but you can’t be reminded often enough: Show, don’t tell. Don’t describe how someone feels; illustrate attitude or emotion with actions, not observations. This rule applies to nonfiction as well as fiction. 5. Purpose â€Å"What’s my motivation?† is the cliched actor’s query, but it’s a good question. Your characters are actors, too (but let’s not get distracted about film rights just yet). What do they want? What are they willing to do to get it? When you answer the first question, it’s easier to produce the answer to the second one also known as a story. 6. Challenges A story without obstacles is like well, like a dull story. Readers identify with characters who get knocked down, dust themselves off, and get knocked down again. Rinse and repeat. Whether, on the last page, they end up on their feet or on a slab is up to you, but a story without significant challenges to the protagonist(s) is called a manuscript, not a book. 7. Rejection Did you give up on dating after you were turned down the first time? If you want your manuscript to â€Å"go out with† an editor or an agent, you must persevere. Each â€Å"No† brings you one step closer to â€Å"Yes.† And there will be a â€Å"Yes.† Unless you quit before you hear it. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to Use â€Å"That,† â€Å"Which,† and â€Å"Who†Using the Active Voice to Strengthen Your WritingCapitalizing Titles of People and Groups

Sampling Methods Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sampling Methods - Assignment Example For a health based proposal such as the one the researcher is currently working on, the population shall be made up of respondents from a hospital setting where the researcher shall have access to both care givers and service users. In this case, the care givers shall be nurses whiles the service users shall be the patients who receive care from the selected hospital. For a hospital as a research population site, there are certainly going to be a very large number of respondents that the researcher cannot interact with straight away. For this reason, a sampling method shall be instituted to select a hand-full of respondents. The sampling technique to be used shall be a purposive sampling technique. Generally, a purposive sampling technique is suitable for qualitative research as it offers the researcher the opportunity to select only a specified group of people whose description meet the variables set (Wolcott, 1994). Using a purposive sampling technique would ensure that the researc her does not interact with people whose presence may not be very meaningful to the research. The purposive sampling method shall be use by using the hospital folder of patients in an identified ward to select the best group of patients who meet the variables that will be outlined for the study. Commonly, purposive sampling is criticized for not guaranteeing internal validity because the researcher shall have some levels of manipulation of the respondents and could adjust the selection process to suit the hypothesis set (Trochim, 2006). This shall however be addressed by ensuring that an empirical data analysis technique is used. Ethical issues may also arise when respondents are forced to be part of the sample size once they are selected by researcher. This shall be addressed by ensuring that it is only respondents who express willingness to be part of the study shall be included.

Linear Regression and Regression Analysis Assignment

Linear Regression and Regression Analysis - Assignment Example Linear regression refers to an approach that involves modeling the relationship that exists between a dependent variable Y and explanatory variable(s) X. The model for linear regression requires that the variables take up the relationship illustrated below: Therefore, regression analysis is the process of determining the parameters that make up the equation defining that defines the relationship between the variables. This forms the basis for further evaluation of the variables through an in-depth analysis of the basic components of the equation that would result into a line of best fit. Regression analysis is defined on basis of the goal of conducting regression, which is to develop a line of best fit for the variables under investigation (Kahane, 2001). The goal of using the technique is to establish the relationship and strength of the relationship between two or more variables. This technique is applicable in criminal justice in a number of ways. Regression analysis is useful in evaluating the relationship existing between various aspects of criminal justice. By acknowledging that there are events that take up the position of being determinants of the outcomes of other variables, this technique can be applied in Criminal justice. The regression analysis is pertinent in determining the relationship among variables as a basis for evaluation of the best practices and structures to adopt with regards to the criminal justice system. For instance, upon establishing the nature and strength of the relationship among variables, it is possible to evaluate the impact of specific changes on one to the other. This analysis is important in developing an understanding of the different ways in which improvements can be made to one of the variabl e in order to change the other (Williams, 2009). There are many ways in which regression analysis is applicable to criminal justice. For instance, when conducting a study on the relationship between criminal

The IMF and the World Bank Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The IMF and the World Bank - Essay Example It is main goal was to help in reconstructing the international payment system of the world after World War II to address problems of the Great depression. As global economic institution, members of IMF could draw fund to improve or maintain economic activity in crises periods. IMF was to make sure that the borrowing countries could repay the debts on time. The financial operation of IMF started in 1947 and May the same year France borrowed fund as the first country (Felix. 2010). Over the years, many countries have joined IMF especially after attaining political independence to improve international trade and economic stability. These countries have greatly benefited from IMF especially on economic matters. The system of Bretton woods prevailed until when the government of US suspended the convertibility of the dollar and its reserve in other states into gold in 1971. In 2010 and 2011, IMF participated in the Greek bailout amounting to â‚ ¬110 billion and â‚ ¬100 billion respectively. The purposes of IMF and World Bank are closely related. The IMF focuses to foster the growth and stability of its members’ economy by lending fund. It offers policy advice and finances the economic difficulties of its members. It also works together with developing nations to assist them accomplish macroeconomic stability as well as reduce poverty. Further, the IMF helps the member states to achieve the external balance of payments. It also oversees the fixed exchange rates of its members and advises them accordingly to prioritise economic growth. The IMF gives emergency assistance to its members that face urgent needs of balance of payment in accordance to the Rapid Financing Instrument lately introduced. The World Bank gives loan at low interest rate and grants to developing countries to invest in health, education and infrastructure. Its major goal is to bridge the economic gap between rich and poor countries. It aims at reducing poverty in poor countries at the

Where do we want to be and how might we get there (Blacks Leisure Essay

Where do we want to be and how might we get there (Blacks Leisure Group plc) - Essay Example A complete analysis is taken in account to know the real position of the firm in the market place, renewal of strategies that will help to achieve the next five years goal. The firm is facing severe and serious challenges as it is internally weak and facing different external pressures. The firm has very weak supply chain management and facing losses due to its many stores which are poor in their yearly sales. The customer expectations and competitors are high and they are dealing with prices to capture maximum market share. The yearly profit is zero due to the formation of many unwanted goods. The firm is internally weak due to lack in leadership and is unable to gain talented employees. The firm is not including any system of grooming that will transfer a smooth power in the hierarchy. The firm lacks sustainability strategy which is another main weakness of the firm. Their marketing for their brand is very weak and this is the reason that their brand is not famous in the market. Moreover, the firm is holding their stores at location which does not cause convenience to the customers. The inventory control system of the firm is also very weak and requi res many software upgrading. The firm is required to revamp its management and strategies. Moreover, the firm is required to tune up its supply chain management and should enhance its marketing to appeal the customers. Black Leisure Free spirit brand and women’s sport wears are the most attractive in the market and these brands are providing yearly revenue to the firm. They are operating a surf academy to attract new customers. Furthermore, it is a known name in the market due to its oldest working and that is the major advantage to the firm. The competitive position of the firm within the UK market is very weak and reason is their yearly loss and unable to attract the customer. As already mentioned, that the competitors are using the price technique to attract many

Argumentive Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Argumentive - Thesis Example The object of this thesis is to diecuss the statement "global warming is not a threat to planet earth†, by a study of both sides of the picture. Thesis: Global Warming Is Not A Threat To Planet Earth Though the proponents of the theory of global warming consider it a threat to the very existence of planet Earth and all its inhabitants, and the same is being propogated by governements and non government organisation; private and public associations; media and politicians; there is another group of scientists strictly adhering to the theory of â€Å"global warming: a natural phenomenon†, The scientists insist that global warming has been a continuous phenomenon irrespective of human activities. Moreover, they refute the global warming threat on the basis of lack of credibility of the techniques routinely used in the science of climatology; which they stress are ill equipped to study and understand the intricacies of weather. One of the major evidences in favour of global w arming being a natural phenomenon is that it has been in existence much before the start of industrial revolution. The concept of hot and cold being relative, if the planet is hot today, there has to be a point of reference; i.e. in comparison to what or when. If we compare the earth temperature to that of 1970s, or to the period spanning 1200 A.D. to the end of 19th century (commonly known as little ice age); yes the planet is warmer (Bradley & Jones, 1993). But in comparison to 1000 A. D. or to more recent 1930s, it is cooler. Infact, since the end of last ice age, 10,700 years ago, there have been seven major phases, four warming and three cooling; one of which is, present warming phase. The melting of glaciers often reported as evidences to global warming threats too can be accounted for by this warm phase or the interglacial phase. The rise in temperature in this phase; 1.5.F is same as that in 1850. Next, greenhouse gases contribute to the phenomenon of global warming in a ver y small measure: 0.2-0.3%, the bigger factors being astronomic, atmospheric and tectonic. The evidence for this comes from the fact that of the CO2 being produced in the atmosphere only a small fraction 3% is manmade. Same holds true for the rest of the green house gases as well; only 18% of methane, 5% of nitrous oxides are manmade (Wallington et al., 2004). So even the most vigorous of human activities can in no way significantly intensify global warming, nor can a complete cessation of activity inhibit it. While its true that a slight warming has been occurring for the past 50 years, but this warming has been mostly noted for night time and winter temperatures. Moreover the warming trend has been more effcetive in the Northern cooler latitudes. This warming like the phase preeceding the little ice age (1000 A.D.) is proving to be beneficial (Bradley & Jones, 1993). On one hand it is levelling the temperatures by making colder regions warmer, on the other hand, it is responsible f or providing longer days, longer seasons and higher CO2 levels for plant growth. This can easily be translated as higher productivity in general, and more agricultural productivity in particular. In light of the above arguments

Where do we want to be and how might we get there (Blacks Leisure Essay

Where do we want to be and how might we get there (Blacks Leisure Group plc) - Essay Example A complete analysis is taken in account to know the real position of the firm in the market place, renewal of strategies that will help to achieve the next five years goal. The firm is facing severe and serious challenges as it is internally weak and facing different external pressures. The firm has very weak supply chain management and facing losses due to its many stores which are poor in their yearly sales. The customer expectations and competitors are high and they are dealing with prices to capture maximum market share. The yearly profit is zero due to the formation of many unwanted goods. The firm is internally weak due to lack in leadership and is unable to gain talented employees. The firm is not including any system of grooming that will transfer a smooth power in the hierarchy. The firm lacks sustainability strategy which is another main weakness of the firm. Their marketing for their brand is very weak and this is the reason that their brand is not famous in the market. Moreover, the firm is holding their stores at location which does not cause convenience to the customers. The inventory control system of the firm is also very weak and requi res many software upgrading. The firm is required to revamp its management and strategies. Moreover, the firm is required to tune up its supply chain management and should enhance its marketing to appeal the customers. Black Leisure Free spirit brand and women’s sport wears are the most attractive in the market and these brands are providing yearly revenue to the firm. They are operating a surf academy to attract new customers. Furthermore, it is a known name in the market due to its oldest working and that is the major advantage to the firm. The competitive position of the firm within the UK market is very weak and reason is their yearly loss and unable to attract the customer. As already mentioned, that the competitors are using the price technique to attract many

The Importance of Social Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5750 words

The Importance of Social Policy - Essay Example Blakemore and Griggs (2007) offer two types of definitions with respect to social policy. One of the definitions given in relation to this concept suggests that social policy is an academic subject in the field of research and study. Social policy is likewise defined as the different sets of policies promulgated in order to have an impact on the ‘real world’ (Blakemore & Griggs, 2007). It is in this regard that the governments, businesses and voluntary organisations tend to promulgate policies that have a significant effect on the families and individuals. In order to understand the concept of social policies, Blakemore and Griggs (2007) deem it of paramount importance to define policies. The other definition given to the term social policy, on the other hand, shows that the principles thereof serve as the guiding ideas that influence the policies promulgated with respect to social welfare, education, health services, etc. The principles that are usually embedded onto the discussion of social policy are as follows: (1) equality, (2) equity, (3) need, (4) freedom and (5) rights (Blakemore & Griggs, 2007). To ensure a better understanding of these principles and the concept of social policy, the researcher deems it of paramount importance to discuss these in relation to what Blakemore & Griggs (2007) have written in relation to the need to take the said principles into consideration. Equality, Equity and Justice. The principle of equality, equity and justice plays an important role in the development of social policies. According to Blakemore and Griggs (2007), social policies have often been perceived as the necessary tools and mechanisms by which a fairer society is created by ensuring the equalization of benefits coming from health, education and other similar services. Needs. Aside from equality, equity and justice, needs are also important principles that must be considered in the development of social policies (Blakemore & Griggs, 2007). In developing the appropriate social policy, Blakemore and Griggs (2007) mention that it is important to ascertain the needs of the people to whom the former is addressed. In addition, to ensure that the goals of social policy are properly met, it is likewise necessary that the policy makers be able to determine which between two groups have greater needs (Blakemore & Griggs, 2007). Freedom and Rights. Finally, Blakemore a nd Griggs (2007) also consider freedom and rights as among the guiding principles of social policy. Verily, these two authors argue that the development of social policies must give paramount consideration to the lives, rights and freedom of the people. Without consideration for these, there is a tendency for the social policy to fail in terms of meeting its goals (Blakemore & Griggs, 2007). Hill, M.J. 2003. Understanding social policy. Wiley-Blackwell, UK. Hill (2003) adopts a previous definition of

Supply Chain Management Essay Example for Free

Supply Chain Management Essay All supply chain management shares one common, and central, objective – to satisfy the end customer. All stages in a chain must eventually include consideration of the final customer, no matter how far an individual operation is from the end-customer. Each operation in the chain should be satisfying its own customer, but also making sure that eventually the end-customer is also satisfied. Supply chain objectives Meeting the requirements of end-customers requires the supply chain to achieve appropriate levels of the five operations performance objectives: quality, speed, dependability, flexibility and cost. Quality – the quality of a product or service when it reaches the customer is a function of the quality performance of every operation in the chain that supplied it. Errors in each stage of the chain can multiply in their effect on end-customer service. Speed has two meanings in a supply chain context. The first is how fast customers can be served, an important element in any business’s ability to compete. However, fast customer response can be achieved simply by over-resourcing or over-stocking within the supply chain. Dependability – like speed, one can almost guarantee ‘on-time’ delivery by keeping excessive resources, such as inventory, within the chain. However, dependability of throughput time is a much more desirable aim because it reduces uncertainty within the chain. Flexibility – in a supply chain context is usually taken to mean the chain’s ability to cope with changes and disturbances. Very often this is referred to as supply chain agility. The concept of agility includes previously discussed issues such as focusing on the end-customer and ensuring fast throughput and responsiveness to customer needs. But, in addition, agile supply chains are sufficiently flexible to cope with changes, either in the nature of customer demand or in the supply capabilities of operations within the chain. Cost – in addition to the costs incurred within each operation, the supply chain as a whole incurs additional costs that derive from each operation in a chain doing business with each other. These may include such things as the costs of finding appropriate suppliers, setting up contractual agreements, monitoring supply performance, transporting products between operations, holding inventories, and so on. 5 factors for rating alternative suppliers Short-term ability to supply Range of products or services provided Quality of products or services Responsiveness Dependability of supply Delivery and volume flexibility Total cost of being supplied Ability to supply in the required quantity Long-term ability to supply Potential for innovation Ease of doing business Willingness to share risk Long-term commitment to supply Ability to transfer knowledge as well as products and services Technical capability Operation capability Financial capability Managerial capability Choosing suppliers should involve evaluating the relative importance of all these factors. 6 supply chain relationship business-to-business (B2B) relationships are by far the most common in a supply chain context and include some of the e-procurement exchange networks discussed earlier. Business-to-consumer (B2C) relationships include both ‘bricks and mortar’ retailers and online retailers. Consumer-to-business (C2B) relationships involve consumers posting their needs on the web (sometimes stating the price they are willing to pay), companies then deciding whether to offer. Customer-to-customer (C2C) or peer-to-peer (P2P) relationships include the online exchange and auction services and file sharing services. 7 types of supply chain relationship The very opposite of performing an operation in-house is to purchase goods and services from outside in a ‘pure’ market fashion, often seeking the ‘best’ supplier every time it is necessary to purchase. Each transaction effectively becomes a separate decision. The relationship between buyer and seller, therefore, can be very short-term. Once the goods or services are delivered and payment is made, there may be no further trading between the parties. The advantages of traditional market supplier relationships are usually seen as follows: ââ€"  They maintain competition between alternative suppliers. This promotes a constant drive between suppliers to provide best value. ââ€"  A supplier specializing in a small number of products or services  (or perhaps just one), but supplying them to many customers, can gain natural economies of scale. This enables the supplier to offer the products and services at a lower price than would be obtained if customers per formed the activities themselves on a smaller scale. ââ€"  There is inherent flexibility in outsourced supplies. If demand changes, customers can simply change the number and type of suppliers. This is a far faster and simpler alternative to having to redirect their internal activities. ââ€"  Innovations can be exploited no matter where they originate. Specialist suppliers are more likely to come up with innovative products and services which can be bought in faster and cheaper than would be the case if the company were itself trying to innovate. ââ€"  They help operations to concentrate on their core activities. One business cannot be good at everything. It is sensible therefore to concentrate on the important activities and outsource the rest. There are, however, disadvantages in buying in a totally ‘free market’ manner: ââ€"  There may be supply uncertainties. Once an order has been placed, it is difficult to maintain control over how that order is fulfilled. ââ€"  Choosing who to buy from takes time and effort. Gathering sufficient information and making decisions continually are, in themselves, activities which need to be resourced ââ€"  There are strategic risks in subcontracting activities to other businesses. An over-reliance on outsourcing can ‘hollow out’ the company, leaving it with no internal capabilities which it can exploit in its markets. Short-term relationships may be used on a trial basis when new companies are being considered as more regular suppliers. Also, many purchases which are made by operations are one-off or very irregular. For example, the replacement of all the windows in a company’s office block would typically involve this type of competitive-tendering market relationship. In some public-sector operations, purchasing is still based on short-term contracts. This is mainly because of the need to prove that public money is being spent as judiciously as possible. However, this short-term, price-oriented type of relationship can have a downside in terms of ongoing support and reliability. This may mean that a short-term ‘least-cost’ purchase decision will lead to long-term high cost. Virtual operations An extreme form of outsourcing operational activities is that of the virtual  operation. Virtual operations do relatively little themselves, but rely on a network of suppliers that can provide products and services on demand. A network may be formed for only one project and then disbanded once that project ends. The advantage of virtual operations is their flexibility and the fact that the risks of investing in production facilities are far lower than in a conventional operation. However, without any solid base of resources, a company may find it difficult to hold onto and develop a unique core of technical expertise. The resources used by virtual companies will almost certainly be available to competitors. In effect, the core competence of a virtual operation can only lie in the way it is able to manage its supply network. ‘Partnership’ supply relationships Partnership relationships in supply chains are sometimes seen as a compromise between vertical integration on the one hand (owning the resources which supply you) and pure market relationships on the other (having only a transactional relationship with those who supply you). Although to some extent this is true, partnership relationships are not only a simple mixture of vertical integration and market trading, although they do attempt to achieve some of the closeness and coordination efficiencies of vertical integration, but at the same time attempt to achieve a relationship that has a constant incentive to improve. Partnership relationships are defined as: ‘relatively enduring inter-firm cooperative agreements, involving flows and linkages that use resources and/or governance structures from autonomous organizations, for the joint accomplishment of individual goals linked to the corporate mission of each sponsoring firm’.11 What this means is that suppliers and customer s are expected to cooperate, even to the extent of sharing skills and resources, to achieve joint benefits beyond those they ould have achieved by acting alone. At the heart of the concept of partnership lies the issue of the closeness of the relationship. Partnerships are close relationships, the degree of which is influenced by a number of factors, as follows: ââ€"  Sharing success. An attitude of shared success means that both partners work together in order to increase the total amount of joint benefit they receive, rather than manoeuvring to maximize their own individual contribution. ââ€"  Long-term expectations. Partnership relationships imply relatively long-term commitments, but not  necessarily permanent ones. ââ€"  Multiple points of contact. Communication between partners is not only through formal channels, but may take place between many individuals in both organizations. ââ€"  Joint learning. Partners in a relationship are committed to learn from each other’s experience and perceptions of the other operations in the chain. ââ€"  Few relationships. Although partnership relationships do not necessarily imply single sourcing by customers, they do imply a commitment on the part of both parties to limit the number of customers or suppliers with whom they do business. It is difficult to maintain close relationships with many different trading partners. ââ€"  Joint coordination of activities. Because there are fewer relationships, it becomes possible jointly to coordinate activities such as the flow of materials or service, payment, and so on. ââ€"  Information transparency. An open and efficient information exchange is seen as a key element in partnerships because it helps to build confidence between the partners. ââ€"  Joint problem-solving. Although partnerships do not always run smoothly, jointly approaching problems can increase closeness over time. ââ€"  Trust. This is probably the key element in partnership relationships. In this context, trust means the willingness of one party to relate to the other on the understanding that the relationship will be beneficial to both, even though that cannot be guaranteed. Trust is widely held to be both the key issue in successful partnerships, but also, by far, the most difficult element to develop and maintain. 8 Matching the supply chain with market requirements. The supply chain policies which are seen to be appropriate for functional products and innovative products are termed by Fisher efficient supply chain policies and responsive supply chain policies, respectively. Efficient supply chain policies include keeping inventories low, especially in the downstream parts of the network, so as to maintain fast throughput and reduce the amount of working capital tied up in the inventory. What inventory there is in the network is concentrated mainly in the manufacturing operation, where it can keep utilization high and therefore manufacturing costs low. Information must flow quickly up and down the chain from retail outlets back up to the manufacturer so that schedules can be given the maximum amount of time to adjust efficiently. The chain is then managed to make sure that products  flow as quickly as possible down the chain to replenish what few stocks are kept downstream. By contrast, responsive supply chain policy stresses high service levels and responsive supply to the end-customer. The inventory in the network will be deployed as closely as possible to the customer. In this way, the chain can still supply even when dramatic changes occur in customer demand. Fast throughput from the upstream parts of the chain will still be needed to replenish downstream stocks. But those downstream stocks are needed to ensure high levels of availability to end-customers. 9 The bullwhip effect The ‘bullwhip effect’, is used to describe how a small disturbance at the downstream end of a supply chain causes increasingly large disturbances, errors, inaccuracies and volatility as it works its way upstream. Its main cause is an understandable desire by the different links in the supply chain to manage their production rates and inventory levels sensibly. Miscommunication in the supply chain Whenever two operations in a supply chain arrange for one to provide products or services to the other, there is the potential for misunderstanding and miscommunication. This may be caused simply by not being sufficiently clear about what a customer expects or what a supplier is capable of delivering. There may also be more subtle reasons stemming from differences in perception of seemingly clear agreements. The effect is analogous to the children’s game of ‘Chinese whispers’. The first child whispers a message to the next child who, whether he or she has heard it clearly or not, whispers an interpretation to the next child, and so on. The more children the message passes between, the more distorted it tends to become. The last child says out loud what the message is, and the children are amused by the distortion of the original message. Reducing bullwhip effect Reduce lead time Information sharing One of the reasons for the fluctuations in output described in the example earlier was that each operation in the chain reacted to the orders placed by  its immediate customer. None of the operations had an overview of what was happening throughout the chain. If information had been available and shared throughout the chain, it is unlikely that such wild fluctuations would have occurred. It is sensible therefore to try to transmit information throughout the chain so that all the operations can monitor true demand, free of these distortions. An obvious improvement is to make information on end-customer demand available to upstream operations. Inventory pooling Stable prices 10 time compression One of the most important approaches to improving the operational efficiency of supply chains is known as time compression. This means speeding up the flow of materials down the chain and the flow of information back up the chain. The supply chain dynamics effect was due partly to the slowness of information moving back up the chain.

The Growing Market Of Organic Clothing

The Growing Market Of Organic Clothing This proposed research paper is based on the growing market of organic clothing in UK fashion and retail industry. The organic industry has started with the organic food because people are very much conscious about a healthy lifestyle. But now the consumers are concerned about the environment as well. So the organic industry has increased the range of products from food to gifts, clothing, accessories, skin care products, beauty products baby and maternity products. Now organic industry is becoming popular in high streets and retailers realised that the consumers are looking forward for the ethically sound fashion. Moreover government is very much concerned about the increasing UK landfill and they have launched a campaign for tackling the environmental impact of the current fashion culture. They want the retailers to make sustainable clothes where people can use and dispose it without damaging the environment. The cheap throwaway clothes are adding to the landfill because these clot hes are not eco friendly. So poisonous gases are emitting from these sites and harm the environment as well as living beings. Though people are aware about all these things, organic clothes are not able to compete with the other materials. The entrance of organic clothes is a new challenge for retailers, suppliers and also the designers. The cheap throwaway clothes are fewer prices compared to organic clothes. The main problem which is going to be discussed in this research is how sales of organic clothes are affected by cheap throwaway clothes and how we can make the organic clothing to an everyday reality? If cheaper clothes become the market leader, then organic clothing will not be there in the future market. So how organic industry can be the market leaders and make it affordable and fancy everyone with its designs and prices. To give a detailed explanation about these problems the researcher will assess the challenges facing by organic clothing industry shows the comparison of organic and other fabrics and also the benefits of organic clothing. This research involves the analysis of how cheap regular clothing affects organic clothing industry and environment, challenges facing by organic clothing and also the future of organic clothing industry in the competitive retail market. Below are the following aims of this research: Æ’ËÅ" Analysing the impact of cheap regular clothing industry over organic clothing industry. Æ’ËÅ" Consumer awareness about the benefits of buying organic clothes Æ’ËÅ" Analysis of sales prospects for organic clothing and its future to establish a sustainable market share. Æ’ËÅ" Environmental impact and the consequences on stakeholders due to cheap clothing market. Below listed are the objectives which are the main focus of this research and it depends on the above mentioned aims.  · Understanding the ethical fashion and the importance of biodegradable clothes.  · Production and the process involved in the manufacturing of organic clothing  · Consumer behaviour in fashion and retail industry  · Market of cheaper clothes affecting the growth of organic clothing industry.  · Better marketing strategy for easy penetration of organic clothing in to the fashion industry 2) Research Methodology This following section talks about the method which has been implemented for the purpose of conducting this research. Each methods and its performance will be described and also the reasons for using these methods and techniques. Towards the end of this research paper, restrictive weakness regarding the applied methods and techniques will be explained briefly. There are two methods of research and that is inductive and deductive. In inductive method general principles are building up from detailed observations. The deductive research approach is a method which is expanded on the basis of general principles from the exact expectations of hypothesis. Types of research There are 2 types of data collection method in a market research and that is Qualitative research method and quantitative research method. When the two methods of research unite, the effect of research can be more useful. Qualitative research Qualitative research is used to help us understand how people feel and why they feel as they do. It is concerned with collecting in-depth information asking questions such as why do you say that? Samples tend to be smaller compared with quantitaive projects that include much larger samples. Depth interviews or group discussions are two common methods used for collecting qualitative information. http://www.marketresearchworld.net Qualitative is a kind of scientific research and this investigates the areas which give answers to the question, collect evidences, produce findings etc. it takes researcher to the deeper truth of the topic. It gives a proper understanding of a given research topic from the perspective point of view of the locality which is involved. Qualitative research is an effective method to gain information about the opinion, value and behaviour of the population. Qualitative research provides appropriate answers to the question given by the researcher and also gives so me valuable evidence which may not get from other methods. Quantitative research Quantitative research is a research method that relies less on interviews, observations, small numbers of questionnaires, focus groups, subjective reports and case studies but is much more focused on the collection and analysis of numerical data and statistics.(paranormality.com, 2009) This is a research method which will measure the peoples reaction in a particular way. That means the way they think, feel, act and it provides the information in a statistical and numerical way. The common methods used in quantitative researches are experiments, documentary, survey etc which will give a statistical and numerical data for a final judgement. Qualitative research will gain some information to form theories and those theories can be tested with quantitative research. In this research the author has used both qualitative and quantitative research methods. There are certain reasons why the researcher has used both qualitative and quantitative methods in this research paper. That is given below. The researcher will be conducting interviews with an online retailer of organic products to collect information which will make the topic clearer to the reader. This will be both qualitative and quantitative data collection method. There are questionnaires to customers which are used to collect some data from the customers point of view. This is quantitative in character but when the researcher gives explanation to it, turns to be qualitative and quantitative ending. Research strategy This is an area where the researcher is going to discuss about the research strategy that is used for conducting the research. The information about research strategy in the website www.lib.unca.edu shows that research strategy will give right directions to the work and will make researcher to do the research systematically instead of arbitrarily. It reduces the frustration of the author, saves time and also improves the quality of the research. Here the researcher has taken retail clothing industry and in that, organic clothing market as a focusing area to find out the challenges and business issues which they are facing. The research is not made on a particular organization or a company but the researcher has approached an organic retailer to collect some information and data for an in-depth study of the topic. With all these information, the researcher tried to analyse the competitive states of the clothing industry, the difference between the throwaway clothes and the organic clothes and its benefits, the environmental effects, easy penetration, product developments and innovation, future of organic clothes market, pricing strategies etc. Data collection methods Here the researcher would give a detailed description about the data collection methods which is used in this research. There are two types of data collection methods. They are primary data collection method and secondary data collection method. Primary data collection methods In primary data collection method, data is collected by the author by using certain methods like interviews, surveys, questionnaires, focus group interviews, case studies etc. the very important thing to be noticed in this is, the data which is collected by the author for the purpose research should not be taken from any books or from others works. It should be unique until it publishes. The primary data may be qualitative in its behaviour or can be quantitative. Here the researcher has collected primary data by taking interviews and questionnaires. Introduction What is organics? The organic world is detailed and compound with governments, businesses, organisations and other individuals from many part of the world who attempts to generate an agreement on what has to be organic. For eg. Organic food production, the farming and agriculture is done by using the system that stay away from any kind of artificial interference. These method of organics doesnt harm the environment as well as wildlife by avoiding the use of pesticides and fertilisers and if necessary antibiotics can be used. The whole idea is to work in accord with the nature using the techniques and tools which nature offer instead of dominating and destroying the nature with man-made fertilisers and pesticides. Clothing with scruples-organic clothing. Organic clothing is becoming a trend in high street. The variety of organic clothing is massive and it starts from organic sportswear to night wears. Most of the people go for shopping and buy things which magnetize their eyes without a second thought of who made that and what it is made up of or where are they coming from. But nowadays there are consumers who are conscious about their healthy life style as well as environment. And that is the reason behind the rise of organic cotton and fair trade clothing. People are always fashion conscious and each season leap from one trend to another trend because the retailers in high streets are imitating the newest catwalk looks. But now the high street retailers are into another trend that is organic materials. Though they are trying to make the organic trend popular there are lot of challenges facing by organic world of clothing. This research goes through that challenges and difficulties facing by organic clothing industry and appears with some findings which provides an answer for organic materials are just a pricey opulence for well-off or will it mature into a high street reality? if the retailers can provide the customers with eco friendly and ethically sound apparels and get them into fashion stakes, then organic clothes can become an everyday realism. Production of organic clothes is done by using sustainable resources like hemp, silk, organic cotton, bamboo fabric and linen. The harvesting and the production process should not affect the environment and the surrounding or human being. Organic clothing does not include only food, sandals or t-shirts. It includes a wide range of clothing which we can see in other fabrics. There are reusable nappies for babies. There is a good market for baby products by organic industry. Naturally produced materials are very important for babys health and skin. The fabrics which are chemically treated can irritate the baby skin because they are delicate. For example cotton fabrics, everyone think it is pure, safe and comfortable for people in any climate but it is shocking when we look into the production methods of this fabrics. So by purchasing organic materials we support a secure and eco friendly working practices, protecting the environment from toxic waste, saving the life of living beings an d as well as getting a healthier life style for ourselves. The retailers are investing lot of money for producing ethically sound fashion. Marks Spencer and its suppliers have started developing eco factories to make a way for different process of sustainable manufacturing. They have realised that the customers want clothes which are not only look good or feel good but also should not leave harmful effects in the environment. Literature review Ethical fashion According to ethicalforum.com Ethical fashion represents an approach to the design, sourcing and manufacture of clothing which maximizes benefits to people and communities while minimizing impact on the environment. The meaning of ethical goes beyond doing no harm, representing an approach which strives to take an active role in poverty reduction, sustainable livelihood creation, minimizing and counteracting environmental concerns. It covers a range of issues such as working conditions, exploitation, fair trade, sustainable production, the environment, and animal welfare. (ethicalfashionforum.com, 2009) Ethical fashion is defined as an approach to the manufacture, source of clothing and also designs range which has to be aware of society and environment and also sustainable. Ethical fashion and its products should do the promotion of eco friendly materials and the process of production should not harm the environment. It also has to provide fair wage and fair working atmosphere for the employees in the industry. There are two areas to focus when we talk about ethical fashion, environment and the people or giving preference to organic standard and fair-trade standard. Fair-trade standards are about the employees who make the clothes and who fabricate the raw materials. Worldwide there are more than 30million cotton farmers. Much of the materials are coming from developing countries. This fair-trade ensures that the workers are given a fair pay and also exploit child labour. It also ensures the working condition and the atmosphere. Basically ethical fashion respects the nature and the earth. Cotton cultivation will pollute the atmosphere. Cotton cultivation needs eight times more chemicals than what we use on a normal food crop. This pollutes air, soil and river. It also affects the people who are working in this field. A large percentage of death is happening every year due to pesticides in the cotton field. Many pesticides are used unnecessarily. We can protect the cotton by using soap, garlic, chilli etc. Rest chemicals are used at the time of processing and dyeing the fabric. One company approximation is almost 8000 types of chemicals are used to produce a t-shirt. Ethical fashion is clothing which is made with fair-trade organic cotton where in sweatshop free conditions. This is a growth market and it is slowly finding its way to high streets. Ethical fashion mention the way fashion industry currently works and the problems such as labour exploitation, environmental destruction, cruelty towards animal etc. It is very important for the people to know the need of ethical fashion in todays world. The organic industry has to find a permanent market place in retail industry and fancy people with its quality, benefits, designs, price etc. So ethical fashion has to be encouraged by the government, retailers, suppliers and the consumers, who are the stake holders and this can give a better living condition, health and a good lifestyle. This is a great challenge for the designers to promote ethical fashion by getting the newest trends to the organic fabrics like organic cotton, hemp, bamboo fabrics etc. The way a chair breaks up space or a building cuts into the sky with so many different views is how I feel a garment relates to the body, says Brooklyn designer Nina Valenti, who launched the sustainable line nature vs future in 2002. I design pieces that have a strong line, form and texture. (organicconsumers.org, 2009) The designers are trying to widen the range of designing in organic clothes. For example designs of Nina Valenti, her clothes has gathers, pleats, stiffness, slits etc and she uses the fabrics like organic cotton, hemp, wool and also the fabric made from recycled soda bottle. If the consumers understand the difference between organic and cheap clothes and if they are getting the vast variety of products based on their demand, the eco fashion will be a turning point to the todays fast fashion culture and organic clothing industry will turn to be everyones choice. Branding Famous marketing author Kotler saysA name, term, symbol or design (or combination of them) which is intended to signify the goods or services of one seller or groups of sellers and to differentiate them from those of the competitors. (Groucutt, 2005) Here it gives a proper understanding that branding is not about achieving the target market and be the market leader but it is about receiving the outlook to see the brand as that is the only thing which gives solution to the consumers problems. Branding creates many challenges to the marketers. To get success in branding the brand should have clear prospects about the needs and wants of the consumers. It is important to spend some time for defining, understanding, researching and then building a brand. A brand is a kind of promise which is given to the consumers and it is also a foundation in the marketing communication. Before branding was just identification for the customers to differentiate one product from another. Gradually people became brand conscious and they started rating the products with the brand name. Then marketers started creating effective brands. Now every sector has got brands and people choose the products with the brand names. In the case of organic clothes the re are lot of brands like Eden clothing, Edun, rain tee etc and there are designers as well to encourage eco fashion. But still ethical fashion is not able to compete with the larger brands. The organic brands are targeting niche group of green consumers instead of mainstream brands consumers. There are some ethical fashion brands that are successful in the way they are communicating with the target consumers. Patagonia is one of them who became an international brand. But now the retailers have worked out another way to penetrate organic clothing in to the market. They are promoting eco friendly clothes as a different section of the existing brands. For example Nike, Levis, MS etc, these brands are taking a significant pace to progress the organic industry to the mainstream. These global brands are producing profit of multimillion pounds every year by using sweatshop labour in developing countries. After decades, the brands like Nike, Gap etc have admitted that the employees have b een abused and exploited by force labour in the factories. So they promised that they will improve the working condition for a lot of people who are not paid well to produce their highly demanded goods. There are lot of factors which affect the purchasing habit of the consumers. Though they are concerned about the environment and social problems, there are lot more reasons for the consumers to select a particular brand or the product. As the high streets are welcoming ethical fashions or organic clothing, there are some changes in consumers buying behavior. They are being responsible socially and culturally. The marketers are aware of this situation and even they are making changes to the existing brand to make sure that they are ethical in the way they process. Ethical marketing and advertising Ethical marketing frames messages in a way that the consumer identifies with. It encourages companies to integrate cultural, social, economic and environmental values into their culture, strategy and actions, and reinforces the positive values of the brand, creating a strong citizen brand. This is all done on a voluntary basis, and is generally an offering above and beyond statutory requirements. Through the effective use of ethical marketing and corporate social responsibility, companies are able to positively contribute to society and manage the environmental impact of their organisation, whilst maintaining and even growing the contribution to their bottom line. It can have direct benefits on businesses and can help secure long-term competitiveness. (grassrootsideas.co.uk, 2009) Ethical marketing is defined as applying marketing ethics into the process of marketing. Ethical marketing comes in a socially, culturally responsible and sensitive business area. It is an examination from the moral point of a marketing issue which needs a moral judgment. The survival of human race for long period and the successful future basically depends on accepting these concepts or refuse them. Ethical marketing should also have an observation whether the representation or marketing of a product or service has reached in a framework where social and cultural values meet. It is a business which makes its own way of marketing ethics and uses this code in every portion of business process which gives ability to offer valuable benefits to the customers. The consumers have to realise this competitive advantage. The ethical issues like child labour, the employers working condition, the environmental problems etc made the world think that they are more responsible socially and cultura lly. This pressured the companies and made them market their services and products which is socially moral and responsible. The best example for ethical marketing is the increasing demand of fair-trade. The whole idea of this fair-trade is, consumers pay a certain amount for the goods to a group of producers and the producers offer fair wages to employers and also preserve the environment. This sets up a trade which is ethically sound. The main aim of ethical marketing is to achieve customer loyalty by supporting positive values of a brand to make it a strong citizen brand. Though it is a new method of process which forms new challenges for the marketers, this will pressurize in developing products which gives long term benefits without any reduction of quality of the products. Ethical marketing comes in the picture when the marketers and the organisation realise that more improvements has to be done for making a better human life possibilities. Some companies like Coop Group have decline to invest money in business of fur, tobacco etc. In the case of organic clothing a strong awareness has to be done to improve the sales and the demand. The retailers of organic clothes have to be more concentrated in the way they market they products. In highly developed markets where consumers are often cynical about brands, word of mouth is increasingly the main source of recommendation. And the brands most likely to be recommended are from companies that are ethical in the way they behave. With the explosion of blogs and online social networking, word of mouth has become one of the most potent brand management tools available. There is no longer anywhere to hide-your brand will be found out and rejected unless you commit to ethical business and marketing practices. (The Marketing Society Forum, 2009) As we mentioned above developed markets will have consumers who are more conscious about the brands. Word of mouth has become an effective marketing tool in todays world. This has become powerful with the help of online social networking, creating blogs etc. The brands need recommendation from the companies to be shown that they are ethical in all the ways. Each brand has got its own production ways and marketing. They have to make sure that they are processing their business in a social responsible way. It should be acceptable culturally and socially. For example Gap, the brand which had highest turnover, they got a black mark when the brand name was related to child labour practices in the manufacturing state. This has affected their sales and the retailer Zara had hit the highest turnover label in the following year. Also Gap had to remove those items from the sale which they used child labour. All western clothing chain makes their production process in Asia. They take the advant age of cheap labour providing by Asian countries like India, Bangladesh, Vietnam, China, Indonesia etc. So the way they process should be ethical in all the ways because there are consumers who encourage ethically sound business and its marketing. In this instance each brands can encourage the organic clothing industry by providing organic clothes with their brand name. In UK like places people are very much conscious about the newest fashion as well the brand which they wear. So if every brands make their clothes eco friendly, that means they are being fair towards the human and the society as well. Consumers are acquiring better quality products which dont harm their skin and the environment. Through effective advertisement organic retailers can make everyone aware of the importance of organic clothes in todays era. The government and the marketers have launched campaigns to give awareness about eco fashion and also to undertake environmental impact of fast fashion culture. Organi c consumers association launched global campaign to raise the awareness of negative health and environmental effects of cheaper clothes and its production process. Then we can make ethical fashion an everyday reality. Market leadership Market leadership is usually understood in terms of the position of a given company within an industry or market, based on three factors. When determining whether a corporation can properly be referred to as a market leader, the profitability of the company will play a major role. Along with how profitable the company happens to be, the market share volume and value will also be considered. (wisegeek.com, 2009) In the above sentence it is explained that an industry, market or an organizations position in the market is depends on three points. That is profitability, market share, market volume. But now the market is more competitive and the competitors are also high in number. So there are some more points which have to be added to get a market leadership like innovations and developments, advertising, branding, quality, price etc. Fashion is a very copycat industry, says Scott Hahn, who launched Loomstate, an American organic cotton denim line, to the likes of Harrods and Selfridges last year. There are a few pioneers and other brands follow. For some its because they think organic cotton is trendy now that its escaped its tree-hugger image. But more I think are now doing so for the right reasons. (organicconsumers.org, 2009) In the case of organic industry, the organic clothes have penetrated to the market. To increase their market volume, share and profitability and be a market leader they need to do innovations, product development, pricing and advertising. Advertising and promoting the product is a very important and effective marketing tool to get the consumers attention. There are some consumers who are concerned about the environment as well as they has realized the benefits of using organic clothing. It is not only an understanding about the benefits of organic clothing but they also have to know the harmful effects of cheaper clothes to the environment and to the health of human beings. The BBC has released news about the environmental problems and UK landfill due to the growing sales of cheaper throwaway clothes. According to the survey done by the Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) says the clothing and textiles sector in the UK produces around 3.1m tonnes of carbon dioxi de, 2m tonnes of waste and 70m tonnes of waste water per year. Gases such as CO2, emitted by fossil fuel burning, and methane, released from landfill sites, are widely believed to be contributing to global warming. (bbc.co.uk, 2009) UK ministers told that the consumers should make sure that the production, selling and disposal of clothes are not harming the environment as well as not exploiting the workers by the use of poor labour practices. The fashion has to be more sustainable throughout the whole process which includes design, production, selling and disposing. The whole idea is to get the attention of consumers to make them understand the negative impact of cheap throwaway clothes which is highly in demand in the high streets of UK but this is making a way to increase the landfill in UK. The campaigns launched by the government and clothing associations were useful to make consumers aware about why to use organic clothes. Through these campaigns the retailers of organic clothing and the government is aiming to build a highly demand market for eco-fashion. To enter in a vast market like fashion or clothing industry, need to plan highly competitive business strategies. Marketing and advertising alone will no t make the organic clothes sustain in the market and capturing the market to be a market leader. From the perspective view of new entrance like organic clothes, entering a drenched market with limited designs wouldnt make a difference in the market and wont get an entrance easily. The entrance of Body Shop to the market is the best example here. Anita Roddick has entered in the cosmetic market where lots of high end brands are competing each other. But her innovative idea of handmade and natural cosmetic products attracted the customers and gave body shop a permanent position in the market. According to a study done by OCA (Organic Consumers Association) sales of organic cotton is doubling every year. Sales of organic cotton are set to triple to $2.6 billion at the end of 2008 from its current $900 million level as retailers and brands make significant new commitments to sustainable textile and apparel production. (organicconsumers.org, 2009) There is lot of brands like Nike, Timberland, MarksSpencer, Wal-mart etc have already opened organic lines they were joined by Reebok, CA etc as new comers. The market of organic cotton is widening every year and it also attracts the global investors. In this situation the only issue which is worrying is the availability of fiber to satisfy the increasing demand for cotton and other organic fabrics. It is a known factor from these reports that organic industry is going to be a good competitor in the fashion and retail world in the coming years. Consumer behaviour Blackwell et al said, Consumer behaviour is defined as activities people undertake when btaining, consuming and disposing of products and services.(Blackwell et al, 2001). Consumer behaviour is a study of buying behaviour of the customers in the market that means what consumers are buying, why they are buying. Better understanding of the consumer behaviour will help organisations to improve the products and services and also their business, marketing strategies. This will influence consumers to buy that particular product. In the case of organic clothing, they attract the consumers by quality and the elegant designs of the products. The consumers are aware that organic products are good for health and skin. So they started getting attracted to the food products firstly and then to baby products. Much of the consumers are worried about the delicate skin of the babies, so they go organic especially nappies which can be recycled. Here comes the importance of the study of consumer behaviour. One official definition of consumer behavior is The study of individuals, groups, or organizations and the processes they use to select, secure, use, and dispose of products, services, experiences, or ideas to satisfy needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society. (consumerpsychologist.com, 2009) Understanding consumer behaviour will help to develop the marketing strategies like pricing, segmentation, targeting, product designing, positioni