China and the Use of Coal An Examination - 744 Words

China and the Use of Coal: An Examination Energy and power do indeed mark the pillars of any national economy and China is no different. China, with one of the worlds largest populations has an economy which is founded on the context of high labour, great deals of labour and thus needs the relevant resources of energy to support these moves, amid a high level of competition. This is particularly exacerbated by the fact that in the last ten years, China has gone through marked industrial and urban development at record speed with the strong development of the gross domestic product (Best Levina, 2012). This created a doubled consumption of their energy demands; making China the leading energy consumer in the world (Best Levina, 2012). Thus, certain details like pricing, the mechanisms of pricing, the ability to transport and other choices mean that a range of factors come into play given the decisions connected to China selecting coals at the main means of their electric generation planning. But even so, there still needs to be the necessary level of balance when selecting any source of energy as ones primary means of support for an entire nation. This summer demonstrated a truly disturbing drop in Chinas coal output: it fell 3.7 percent in the first six months of 2013 as a slow economy raised pressure on miners who plummeted into the red as their clients couldnt pay their bills (Wong, 2013). To be clear, China is the global leader when it comes to the productionShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Environmental Non Sustainability Of The American Coal Industry1416 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Coal Industry Title of Book: Big Coal: The Dirty Secret Behind America s Energy Future Author: James Goodell Publisher: Houghton Mifflin Co., 2006. James Goodell is a long-time contributing columnist for Rolling Stone Magazine and the New York Times Magazine. Goodell’s main contributions are writing about environmental issues, such as industrial pollution, and the problem of long-term environmental sustainability. Goodell does meticulous research through interviews with coal minersRead MoreSummary Of Kenneth Pomeranzs Political Economy And Ecology On The Eve Of Industrialization827 Words   |  4 PagesEurope, China, and the Global Conjuncture†. This was the works of Kenneth Pomeranz who provoked a distinctive question about China in relation to Great Britain around the 1800s. In his published book The Great Divergence, Pomeranz states that China and Great Britain were on similar trails leading towards the Industrial Revolution until a â€Å"Great Divergence† arose during the 1800s that sent these two emerging nations towards diverse routes. In his essay Pomeranz efficiently states how China and GreatRead Mo reNuclear Sustainability : A Necessary Step For This Country1358 Words   |  6 PagesIncreasing the use of Nuclear Power in the U.S is a necessary step for this country. The use of Nuclear power would substantially lower environmental pollution by diminishing the amount of greenhouse gas emissions from popular and harmful fossil fuel energy sources such as coal, crude oil and natural gas. Some argue that the use of Nuclear power is too dangerous, but evidence shows that it is a safe way and efficient way to extract energy without disrupting our earth. Another argument against the use of NuclearRead MoreThe Effects Of Coal Mining On The Health Of The Body3187 Words   |  13 PagesCoal mining has several negative effects on the health of the body that often times go unrecognized or just simply ignored. Many people have died from mining for various reasons such as the collapse of the mines as well as respiratory diseases caused by mining. Governments across the globe continue to im plement regulations for the miners and populations surrounding the mines, but they have failed to eliminate health risks related to mining, which is nearly impossible. Mining permits used to be easyRead MoreArticle Review : The Particulate Matter 2.52400 Words   |  10 Pagesfrom household raw coal affect the life expectancy in China Article Preview/â€Å"Teaser† (10-15 words, Arial, 10 point, the teaser is NOT the same as an Abstract) Please insert a few brief sentences that will catch a reader’s attention. These words will display in the search results list. Try to include a question or statement that describes your article and the most important keywords for the article. The particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) emissions from household uncompressed raw coal linked to human healthRead MoreThe Economic Life Of Song China1136 Words   |  5 Pagesthings contributed to the urban life in Song China. However, before the Song Dynasty could flourish as whole, the first Song emperor Song Taizu defeated warlords and consolidated Song control throughout China (Pg. 219). It can also be compared to the economy in present day china. Song China improved in science with these several inventions: Gunpowder, Paper Money + Credit, Trade, Fast ripening rice, and how urban life in Song China shapes today’s economy in china. These inventions led to the growth inRead MoreWhat are the Primary Causes of Climate Change?2789 Words   |  11 Pagessignificance of the topic of the research with reference to the examination of the primary causes of climate change. It is ideal to understand the primary causes of climate change with the aim of adopting and implementing various c ritical issues in relation to minimization of the implications on the growth and development of the human beings. This research topic is necessary in evaluation of the impacts of climate changes, examination of various ways to minimize the effects, and provision of adequateRead MoreEconomic Study For Solar Panel Installing Business1338 Words   |  6 PagesInstalling Business This outline is an examination for all aspects that need to be considered before starting a business for installing solar panel. It delivers microeconomic elements such as supply and demand in the market, elasticity, estimated cost analysis and determinants of the supply and demand of solar panel market. Introduction As technological developments and scientific knowledge enhancements offer alternatives for renewable energy resources instead of coal and oil dependency which affectsRead MoreTransportation is the Backbone of the Economy in America1390 Words   |  6 Pageslinked to the types of locomotives and a low gradient is required, most especially for freight. Heavy industries majorly use rail transport systems, although containerization has improved the moldability of rail transportation by connecting it with road and maritime modes. Rail is by far the land transportation mode with the highest capacity of 23,000 tons fully loaded coal unit train being the heaviest load ever carried. Railway transportation occupies an important role in the transport systemRead MoreThe Quest Is A Carries For The Expulsion Of Iraqi Forces From Kuwait1114 Words   |  5 Pagesthe critical importance of electricity, this he characterized as the many essentials of modern society and communication, such as Ipads , smartphones, laptop computers, electronic books, all these â€Å"gadgetwatts† as he calls them, account for the bulk use of electricity. He expresses himself to be an advocate in anthropogenic climate change; he summaries the struggles in reaching any kind of international accord, but determines that the growing awareness of its impact is encouraging greater energy efficiency

Descriptive Essay - Original Writing - 1408 Words

After close to three hours on the road, we pulled up in front of a beautiful old mansion that had been converted into a luxury hotel. It had a beautiful view, right on the shores of the Beauly Firth. The grounds were impressive. We’d made it in time for the complimentary coffee and shortbread. The piping hot coffee and the shortbread were just what I needed to hold me over until the dinner hour. Kendrick said we had time to take in the gardens. As we walked and viewed the gardens, Kendrick had tucked me under his arm. He kept me pulled up tight to his large warm body; that was where I wanted to always be close to his heart. I was in love with this Selkie man, and I was contented to just be wrapped in his warm embrace. Once I had let my guard down and let Kendrick into my heart. I had felt a happiness I had never before experienced and wouldn’t have believed possible. After we walked along the shore and spotted a few dolphins playing in the Firth, we were also a ble to see the Kessock Bridge from the lawns of the hotel. We then heading back to the room to dress for the dinner party that the hotel was having for the holiday. I moved to the bathroom and got ready in there. Kendrick would get ready in the bedroom. I was excited about our evening. This would be the first time that Kendrick had seen me that dressed-up. I wore a little more make-up than I normally do, but I still kept the make-up on the natural side. My one concession on the make-up was theShow MoreRelatedDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1110 Words   |  5 PagesI don’t know how I got to where I am, but I’m here now, and I have to win if I want to live. I am in a game, and in order to live, I have to escape. That’s the thing, though: I don’t know how to escape. I was running for my life around this old house that looked like it came straight out of a horror movie. I doubled over and held my head in pain as I saw the static, which meant it w as coming. I was being chased by what looked like a person but in no way acted like one. Just as it was about to appearRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1102 Words   |  5 PagesIt is on days like this when we stop to think about our life. Small drops of rain begin to dapple the cobblestone pavement as people whip out their umbrellas for cover. I continue sauntering down the busy street, relishing the feeling of a light shower. Moving with the mass of pedestrians, I stop at a crosswalk where I wait for the stoplight to turn green. A flower shop employee across the street scurries to bring in the numerous bouquets and close the doors as rain starts rolling down the displayRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing914 Words   |  4 PagesDreamy I thought. Standing on the corner is a young guy with a smile. I see him here almost every day, so I linger for a while. He tells me his name, and I tell him mine. I m Ester, what s your name? I enquired. My names David . ,He replied. We end up talking for a while and I asked him if he had ever left this city. He tells me of all these stories of the places where he s been, the distant lakes and mountains, and in valleys oh so green. I can see it in his eyes, he really has beenRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing974 Words   |  4 Pages I was used to moving round, having a mother who liked to travel more than making roots was something I had gotten used to. Still, I had never gotten used to the loneliness of an empty house when she was out exploring, or the feeling of leaving behind someone who could have meant something to me. Our most recent move was Oregon. It was pretty, and I didn’t mind it, but it was much different than Florida. Not only was it opposite sides of the country, it felt as if it were opposite worlds. InRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1012 Words   |  5 Pageshave plenty of time in the next month to think about my feeling in regards to Kendrick. I needed to finish up the article and get it off to my editor. I should be able to get it done by tonight and send an email in the morning. I was thinking of writing my next article about the sea life around the Scottish coast. Since our salmon dinner last evening I thought I would do a piece about the commercial salmon farming that began in Scotland in 1969. In 2002 over 145,000 metric tons of farmed AtlanticRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1561 Words   |  7 PagesThere’s something I need to say and what follows may not be something that you’d expect, it won’t be heartening or uplifting. If you remember today, I told you about going somewhere I wanted to go to†¦ I’m not sure if you believed and accepted what I now confess as untrue; it is partly. I needed to pull away emo tionally†¦ from you. You must have had fathomed that some degree of formality had seeped between us. Born of habit, formulaic greetings had become a routine. You presume that I’m a close friendRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1387 Words   |  6 PagesI was wearing a beautiful blue dress with sapphire gems all around the chest area as I entered the ball with Ciel and Sebastian. I took a good look around here, the hallway was lined with gold. There was a servant ready to escort us to the ball room. Hello, come this way. He said, walking forward. Wow, this place is so fancy! I exclaimed, looking around. It s fake gold. Ciel bluntly replied, bringing my hopes down. I sighed. Ciel sounded like he wasn t in a very good mood. Ciel, lightenRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1287 Words   |  6 Pages In the morning, Caireann woke me up. She stood above my bed, shaking my shoulder. I opened my eyes, looking at her. Then I looked across the room to her empty bed. Andy s empty bed sat in the corner. I swallowed, climbing out of bed. Sleep well? Caireann asked me, starting out the door. Yeah, I said, going over to our small dresser. I had the bottom two drawers. Andy had the middle two, and Caireann had the top. I pulled open the drawers, pulling on a colorful tank top and a grayRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1345 Words   |  6 PagesLater that night, I was behind the wheel of my G-Wagon with Melissa in the passenger seat. She didn’t feel like driving since she was on the road all day and I understood so I didn’t mind when she asked me to. I had been tight-lipped. She kept eyeballing me as if she detected that something was bothering me but I just kept singing to my India Arie as if I was carefree. â€Å"So are you going to tell me what’s going on or no† Melissa said disrupting my own personal concert. I stopped singing and tookRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1085 Words   |  5 PagesI WAS SITTING IN a taxi, wondering if I had overdressed for the evening, when I looked out the window and saw Mom rooting through a Dumpster. It was just after dark. A blustery March wind whipped the steam coming out of the manholes, and people hurried along the sidewalks with their collars turned up. I was stuck in traffic two blocks from the party where I was heading. Mom stood fifteen feet away. She had tied rags around her shoulders to keep out the spring chill and was picking through the trash

Cell Phones And Its Effects On Our Lives - 924 Words

Cellular Distractions Can Wait. Cell phones, otherwise known as smart phones by today’s standards, are an immense help to most Americans in many ways. We use our cell phones daily for communication with friends and family through texting and phone calls, scheduling appointment, or social media. However, the convenience of smart phones is being abused daily in several ways that can lead to severe impacts with the distractions they cause. The advancement of cell phone technology in the last decade is truly astounding because a decade ago most people’s cell phones had such limited capabilities. Cell phones, or smart phones as they are also known today, have so many advanced abilities it’s like having a pocket sized computer in your grasp. We can task our phones with every communication possibility there is for business and personal uses. People are able to keep in touch with anyone through a variety of social means, or even stream their favorite television shows straight to their phone. Individuals can use a barrage of phone applications for more productive purposes such as daily planners to keep up with appointments, making shopping lists, or retrieving information from the Internet. However, the overuse of cell phones can cause distractions. The distractions that cell phones produce comes with a heavy price that can cause thousands in revenue being lost yearly for businesses (Hildebrand, 2011), an d increases the number of vehicular accidents per year (Pre14).Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Cell Phones On Our Lives1053 Words   |  5 Pagesyears that improve our everyday lives. The wide use of cell phones has caused a remarkable impact on physical, and social aspects of our life. Cell phones impacts have contributed positively to our lives, but still others have influenced negatively on our life. With technology, the way we communicate has changed over the past year with our smart phones we can surf the internet, check our social media accounts, use GPS, and text and call our families and friends. The cell phones have made a significantRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effects On Our Lives938 Words   |  4 Pagesout lives. We use our cell phones for everything from finding directions, to taking pictures of moments you do not want to forget. Everywhere you go, you cell phone goes with you, if you forget it at home, somehow we feel naked without it. Cell phones have become so powerful and useful for so many things other than just making phone calls; I do not even know why we still call them phones. With that, we have the right to feel secure and free from unwarranted searches though our cell phones andRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effects On Our Lives1366 Words   |  6 Pagestechnology and increasing use of cell phones, a lot of studies are taking place. Even though cell phon es today have been helpful with communicating with people far away, these cellular devices still are dangerous in many extravagant ways. Dangerous can mean many things when it comes to cell phones. Billions of people throughout the world are implementing cell phone use in their daily routines. Cell phones are becoming a prone addiction which causes us to not be so aware of our surroundings when using itRead MoreCell Phones Effect Our Lives977 Words   |  4 PagesHow Cell Phones Effect our Everyday Lives Once upon a time, cell phones did not exist. If you wanted to make a call you had to use a home phone or a pay phone, but cell phones are now common place in our everyday lives. Almost everyone has one, even children in elementary school have cell phones. So how does having such easy access to a cell phone effect our everyday lives? The positive effects of cell phones are easy to see, as cell phones can be convenient and used as a life line in an emergencyRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effect On Our Lives1612 Words   |  7 PagesFollowing the time when the mid 1980s, phones have been rapidly moving their route into our commonplace lives, particularly with the presentation of cam telephones in the early part of the new thousand years. As cells develop they have more of an effect on our commonplace lives and I need to exactly how much they are affecting. Similarly as with new engineering in whatever other structure, phones have changed enormously over their generally short life com passes. As these progressions happen, soRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effects On Our Lives862 Words   |  4 Pageshouse without theirs. The answer to this riddle? Cell phones. Children and adults alike are partaking in the growing addiction to their mobile devices. Can we blame them though? The sheer amount of uses, features, along with other various gizmos that come along with a cell phone are enough to make not having one a handicap on most people. Schools, websites, work places, all are integrating cell phone use into their everyday tasks. Downsides to cell phones do exist, but the benefits of having one farRead MoreThe Effects Of Cell Phones On Our Lives2011 Words   |  9 PagesDue to increasing technological innovations, many people are gradually trapping themselves in the web of cell phones. Even with primary laws in effect, drivers are tempted to text and drive on the road, and it has only brought grave consequences. According to the United States Department of Transportat ion, â€Å"It is estimated that drivers who text while on the road contribute to at least 100,000 collisions each year (qt. in Northwest drivers Admit). Besides causing careless accidents, intexicated driversRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effects On Our Lives Essay1222 Words   |  5 PagesGone are the days when cell telephones were considered as extravagance thing to have with. The developing rivalry in portable makers has brought down the costs of cellular telephones to that degree that these days, purchasing a cell telephone is not a major ordeal. Simply spend a couple bucks and you are pleased proprietor of a cell telephone. In today s opportunity, it s elusive a man who does not possess a cellular telephone. The little contraption is an essential need of life. In any case, whyRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effect On Our Lives894 Words   |  4 Pages The first cell phone that was build in a car the reason why it was because it was too big to carry around in your pockets. Buying a phone in 1980 were very expensive, not everyone can afford a phone for themselves. Cell phones back in the day would cost just about over a couple thousand of dollars. The mobile devices that were made in that time was only for phone calls without any caller ID s to tell who s calling you. .Cell phones have been producing a lot better over these few years. BackRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effect On Our Lives934 Words   |  4 Pagesanother being exist, especially in our generation. This seems to be not a problem at moment, but with advancement of technology and new ways of meeting people digitally is seems people feel it’s appropriate to constantly be on their mobile devices without any consequences or surroundings. With Mobile device and other forms of wireless communication also effecting on distracting driving. The use of cell phones pose a risk for society in many ways involving cell phone conversations and texting or instant

Legalize Marijuana Essay Example For Students

Legalize Marijuana Essay The legalization of marijuana will reduce crime, narcotic drug use, and create a utopian society. Marijuanas effect on society is greatly over exaggerated in that marijuana acts as a scapegoat for many of societys problems. Marijuana is blamed today for being a gateway drug; this means that consumption of marijuana will lead to use of narcotic drugs, this claim has never been proven, the only grounds for it is that marijuana is a more widespread and more sampled drug. Furthermore, the legalization of marijuana would create potential tax revenue that would flow from a regulated market in marijuana. Marijuana grows throughout temperate regions, with more potent varieties produced in dry, hot, upland climates. Marijuana is defined as a cannabis plant; and or a preparation made from the dried flower clusters and leaves of the cannabis plant, smoked or eaten to induce euphoria (marijuana, 827, Websters). Euphoria is a feeling of great happiness or well being (euphoria, 468). Chronic marijuana users may develop a motivational syndrome characterized by passivity, decreased motivation, and preoccupation with taking drugs. The relationship of this syndrome to marijuana use, however, has not been established. Like alcohol intoxication, marijuana intoxication impairs judgment, comprehension, memory, speech, problem-solving ability, and reaction time. The effect of long-term use on the intellect is unknown. There is no evidence that marijuana induces or causes brain damage (marijuana 2, Microsoft). The Drug Enforcement Agency estimates that we presently have 20 million regular users of marijuana in the United States (Heerema 130). The inclusion of drug users within society is in turn based on the premise that the desire to alter consciousness is a normal human trait, a drive as deep as the need for food, shelter and love (Siegel 1989). Humans perceive the use of marijuana to alter their state of consciousness as being a basic instinct that seems harmless and natural. Prohibition creates crime; it does not solve crime. It creates a tension within society that society cannot long bear. However, because some members of society are more tolerant of drug use than others, the attempt at prohibition inevitably tears society apart. It seems to work, for a while, but sooner or later the prohibition approach becomes untenable if society is to grow rather than stagnate. In the long run, society gradually adapts to the changes made necessary by the failure of the War on Drugs; and the new drugs appear, and then the cycle starts over (Aldrich 548). Therefore, if society wants to continue to grow, we must allow its inhabitants to alter their state of consciousness by using marijuana. A legal, regulated drug supply (as alcohol, tobacco, coffee, tea, and prescription drugs) encourages people both socially and personally to use the smallest dosage and the lowest potency that will be effective. It encourages normalization and control of drug use, and discourages abuse. It accepts a certain social cost in that the use of these drugs will cause problems for some members of society; but it does not deny that drug use is human, and instead works through the problems presented by drug use in such a way as to minimize their harm. In exactly opposite fashion, the criminal approach to drug use encourages drug abuse, by attempting to cut off supply. This policy restriction makes the desired commodity scarce and difficult to obtain. In turn, the user wants as much as possible, in the highest possible potency, for hoarding as well as immediate use. This policy ignores the basic human urge to get high, discourages the controlled use of drugs, and offers no normal socialization, no internal or external controls, and no possibility of harm reduction. It puts even the casual or experimental user into the illicit drug subculture where abuse is more likely; and any attempt to encourage self-control, that is, showing people how to use drugs intelligently and in the least harmful way, is seen as condoning abuse (Weil and Rosen 1983). Genetics Engineering Essay Now it is only a matter of time before lobbying groups pressure the legislature to legalize it. Due to legalization many states will be able to grow marijuana as a cash crop, and the United States government will be able to tax .

A Feminist Perspective free essay sample

Marjane Satrapi says in multiple interviews that she does not subscribe to feminism; instead, she describes herself as a humanist. However, her graphic novel memoir, Persepolis, has several themes at its core that convey feminist ideals. Throughout the novel, Marjane constantly expresses frustration with Iran’s strict regulations on women. She also grows up with strong female relationships in her family; these women help shape Marjane into the woman she is today, a woman who won’t stand for inequality. Marjane has two influential female role models: her mother and her grandmother. Both women are outspoken, independent, and progressive. They always encourage Marjane to be herself and to never lose touch with who she is and where she comes from. Marjane, her mother, and her grandmother all unite under the shared experience of Iranian women – they must all suffer through their country’s systemized oppression together. Marjane is incredibly close with her grandmother. We will write a custom essay sample on A Feminist Perspective or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Throughout the novel, she approaches her grandmother for advice and always seeks her approval. When Marjane wishes to get a divorce, her grandmother encourages her independence: â€Å"†¦the day you don’t want it anymore, you leave him! When a tooth is rotten, you have to pull it out! † (335) Marjane’s grandmother is a strong representation of female independence and identity; she supports Marjane’s romantic relationships, but does not want her to rely on men for happiness. She gives Marjane advice even during her childhood: â€Å"In life you’ll meet a lot of jerks. If they hurt you, tell yourself that it’s because they’re stupid†¦ Always keep your dignity and be true to yourself† (150). In many ways, Marjane idolizes her grandmother; she serves as Marjane’s moral compass and scolds her when she acts without â€Å"Integrity! † (293). She always reminds Marjane of the sacrifices made in Iran’s fight for human rights and justice. Marjane’s mother also greatly influences her life, shaping her beliefs and ideals. Like most mothers, she wants the best for her daughter; she places a heavy importance on education in the hopes that Marjane will understand what it means to be an educated woman in such a misogynistic society. When she sends Marjane away from Iran, she assures her: â€Å"I know how I brought you up. Above all, I trust your education† (147). Marjane’s mother doesn’t want her daughter to live in such an oppressive time. When the veils become mandatory, Marjane’s mother wishes to take her to an opposition demonstration: â€Å"She should start learning to defend her rights as a woman right now! † (76) In growing up with such strong female role models, Marjane learns to express her opinion and always stand by her beliefs. They taught her to stand up for herself as a woman, and in doing so, introduced her to a feminist perspective on life. In Persepolis, the Islamic state makes the wearing of veils compulsory, under the assertion that it is a symbol of both Iranian culture and Islamic religious law. While Marjane accepts the veil as part of her life, she rebels against the ideology it represents. When Iran begins to enforce stricter dress codes to ensure modesty, Marjane sees that the veil is a form of controlling the female population, a form of suppression. She rejects the double standard that allows Iranian men more freedom: â€Å"You don’t hesitate to comment on us, but our brothers present here have all shapes and sizes of haircuts and clothes. Sometimes, they wear clothes so tight that we can see everything† (299). Marjane must experience the misogynistic nature of the fundamentalist Islamic regime that took power after the revolution. When a group of men assaults her mother for not wearing the typical conservative dress, her mother cries: â€Å"They insulted me. They said that women like me should be pushed up against a wall and fucked. And then thrown in the garbage. And that if I didnt want that to happen, I should wear the veil † (74). Marjane of course finds the treatment of her mother to be degrading, dehumanizing. She sees this kind of misogyny as a method of depriving women of their individuality and their identities. To avoid punishment, Marjane wears the veil in public; however, she refuses to let the veil confine her. In one instance, she expresses her individuality by wearing a denim jacket, Nikes, and a Michael Jackson button – along with her veil of course. (131) Reading Marjane’s experience as a woman in Iran allows us to explore an unfamiliar perspective on women’s issues. In our nation, where the same  identities and voices dominate the media, expanding our perspective on the world brings several issues to light. By becoming aware of global women’s rights issues, we can all stand in solidarity together against male supremacy and the injustices that accompany it. Persepolis is incredibly relevant to the feminist and womanist movements and strongly relates to the material we’ve covered in class. In focusing on women’s roles in Iran’s s ociety, supporting social equality for both sexes, and incorporating strong female role models, Persepolis can easily be read through a feminist perspective.

Writing Free Essay Samples

Writing Free Essay SamplesThere are many websites that offer writing samples for free and this is one of the advantages about this. You will be given free access to a wide variety of writing samples to see how they should be presented and where they can go wrong when they are written. Therefore, while it is always good to keep up to date with the writing trends, it is even better to get these samples from sites that are reputable and those that you can trust.Writing samples of work by other writers can be very helpful when you are writing your own work as well. However, these samples must be submitted in their entirety. Many individuals who are considering using writing samples as part of their writing repertoire will end up writing just the portion that is needed and then just copy the entire sample to add to the content of their work, instead of using the sample as a starting point.Article samples are an ideal way to get started with writing articles. Many sites offer these free of charge but these can be taken advantage of as well. The sample can be used as a basis for your work or as a guideline that can be used to build upon. You do not have to copy and paste everything verbatim, but you can still incorporate a lot of the information that is included within the sample.When searching for free article samples for your use, make sure you choose samples that are comprehensive. The samples should be quite detailed and include details that are helpful to you as a writer. For example, a sample of a fashion magazine can provide much of the information that you will need to know to write about what is popular in that market.Also, look for samples that will give you a visual representation of the format and style of the sample. This helps you learn more about the type of writing that you are writing. When you are studying different samples, try to write similar paragraphs to each and see which one works the best for you.As you are learning how to write an article, d o not be afraid to experiment with samples. Sometimes, the sample is very simplistic and this may not be the best starting point for you. After all, you may find a lot of similarities between the sample and your work and you may need to be exposed to a wider range of samples to get a feel for what will work best for you.If you find a sample that works well for you, then move on to the next one. On the other hand, if you find a sample that is too basic for you, then use that one as a way to practice and see if it works for you. You may have a difficult time with another sample that was too complex, so try to understand how to write an article that is simple for you and make notes to improve your writing skills as you go along.If you are interested in improving your writing skills, or writing for your writing assignments, then free essay samples are a great place to start. You can search the internet to find a variety of different writing samples and help yourself become a better writ er.

Life Cycle of a Group Essay Example

Life Cycle of a Group Essay Topic: Discuss the life cycle of a group, showing how the process involved in each stage can affect the overall effectiveness of any group in the performance of an assigned task. A group is a collection of two or more people who, over a period of time develop shared norms of behavior, are interdependent, and interact with each other for the purpose of achieving some common goal or set of goals. There are two types of groups namely; a formal group and an informal group. For example, a formal group in an organization is deliberately formed to achieve specific objectives. This is achieved through organization, co-ordination and delegation of work load within the group. Within a formal group exist set rules and procedures to be adhered to, all information is declared and taken note of. All formal groups have a formal point of origin and an end point. An informal group however is formed by personal preferences and satisfies psychological and social needs (Mullins, L. 2005). A lack of official information will quickly reveal informal groups within an organization. The grape vine will pass information swiftly through the organization. This cuts through the organization’s structure ignoring the formal channels of communication. The group members are spread across departments; they may be friends who do lunch, or smokers who meet outside the building. This networking is informal, and can benefit the individual member; each group has its own culture. These groups are cross sectional, and are formed without any involvement from the formal structure (Mullins, L. 2005). According to B. W. We will write a custom essay sample on Life Cycle of a Group specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Life Cycle of a Group specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Life Cycle of a Group specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Tuckman (1965), as a group develops towards an effective, productive and healthy team it will pass through a number of distinct and natural sequences of stages. Each stage has both specific a task and socio-emotional issues. Knowledge of these stages and relevant behaviors can assist greatly in the understanding of the needs of the group. By understanding this, one can ask the right questions to discover at what stage the team is and what needs to be done to progress its development. The five stages of a group’s life cycle as defined by B. W. Tuckman (1965) are forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning. Each of these stages is unique and is characterized by its own set of distinctive behaviors and issues for the team and the leader (Tony Chapman et al). The first stage of the life cycle of a group is a stage commonly referred to as â€Å"forming† or testing and dependency stage. Forming is the initial meeting stage of proposed members of the group just coming together. The term â€Å"testing† refers to an attempt by group members to discover what interpersonal behaviors are acceptable in the group based on the reactions of other group members. It is at this first set of encounters the members of the group decide explicitly on the purpose of the formation of the group and formal rules may be set. At this stage, members establish base level expectations, norms and sort common goals that are agreed upon. The group also begins the process of contact and bonding, and development of trust within its members. Members identify similarities in behavior and may even form sub groups or even allies based on such similarities or differences. Individual roles and responsibilities are usually not set and still unclear to its members. This forming stage of the group, also referred to as the â€Å"childhood† stage of the group because of its dependency, is often characterized by feeling of shyness, uncertainty, anxiety, anticipation and diffidence among the members. An extravert member may rapidly assume some kind of leadership (B. W. Tuckman) in order to commence progression of the group. The leadership of the group however, can be set either by council, members of the group themselves or leadership of the group can be done simultaneously, but must be done in order to provide some sort of structure for the group. There is usually high dependence on the group’s leader for guidance and direction, and little agreement on the group’s aims other than those which are received from the leader. The leader of the group must be prepared to answer questions about the group’s purpose, objectives and external relationships (B. W. Tuckman 1965). Hence without the quick establishment or selection of a leader in this stage of the group’s life cycle may cause the group to stagnate, thus unable to move forward with its assigned task. The second stage of the group’s life cycle is referred to as â€Å"storming† or the â€Å"adolescent† stage of the group. Storming is a period of jockey for position, authority and influence among members (B. W. Tuckman 1965). Team members vie for position as they attempt to establish themselves in relation to other team members and the leader, who might receive challenges from team members. At this point of the â€Å"storming† process, members may test the tolerance of the system and may challenge the leadership and control of the group. Such challenges may be brought about by other extravert members who wanted an opportunity to be the leader, or may be brought about by sub groups or cliques that were formed within the group itself. With this creation of a power struggle within the group, the initial leader(s) may not even survive this period because he may be voted out or forced to withdraw his leadership by other members of the group. When such disputes arise, the progression of the group’s life cycle stagnates and will be unable to move forward with its assigned task until such issues are dealt with and agreed upon unanimously within the group. Apart from power and control differences at this phase of the group’s life, inter group conflict is prevalent in this phase. Conflict and tension may ensue as group members and sub groups become hostile towards each other as a means for expressing their individuality and resisting the formation of the group structure (B. W. Tuckman 1965). Interaction is uneven and â€Å"infighting† is common. The lack of unity may be an outstanding feature existing in this stage, thus decision making becomes a difficult task. One of the most crucial elements at this stage is to resolve any conflicts within the group by enforcing the norms of communication established in the previous stage. By getting the group to re-focus on the goals of the given tasks and avoid becoming distracted by relationship and emotional issues, the more likely progression will transpire to the next stage of development. The third stage in the life cycle of a group is referred to as â€Å"norming† or the â€Å"adulthood† stage. Having sorted out its internal structure, there is then the issue of what the group stands for. What behavior and contribution is acceptable and what isn’t. Members explore behind the power processes and begin to form some idea of the group’s identity; the ‘group in the mind’. This is rarely done explicitly, of course, and it can readily slip back into storming (Atherton J. S. ), causing regression of the group. Norming promotes openness to other group members and the development of cohesiveness and that ‘in-group’ feeling of belongingness. Agreement and consensus is largely formed among the group, who respond well to facilitation by the group leader. This can be attributed to the norms of interaction are fully formed at this particular stage and members of the group begin to comply. Group members accept the group and accept the idiosyncrasies of fellow members. The group becomes an entity by virtue of its acceptance by the members, their desire to maintain and perpetuate it and the establishment of new group-generated norms to insure the groups existence. Harmony is of maximum importance, and task conflicts are avoided to insure harmony (B. W. Tuckman et al) and the emblem of membership starts to occur. Roles and responsibilities are clear and accepted, as well as the process for the solving of problems is also established. Decisions are made by group agreement, through the process of negotiation and consensus building. At this stage of the group unity and commitment is strong and mutual support is possible, since group members have the similar desire to achieve the same task. The team discusses and develops its processes and working style. Since the main goal of cohesion and general respect for the leader is achieved, some of the leadership is also shared by the team, where smaller decisions may be delegated to individuals or sub groups within the group. At this particular stage of a group’s development, members of the group should be mindful that a strong feeling of cohesiveness does not override the realistic appraisal of alternatives causes of action. This process is referred to as â€Å"groupthink†. Groupthink, a term coined by social psychologist, occurs when a group makes faulty decisions because group pressures lead to a deterioration of â€Å"mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgment†. Groups affected by groupthink ignore alternatives and tend to take irrational actions that dehumanize other groups. A group is especially vulnerable to groupthink when its members are similar in background, when the group is insulated from outside opinions, and when there are no clear rules for decision making (Irving Janis 1972). It can also occur when members believe in the rightness of their cause and therefore ignore the ethical or moral consequences of their decisions. Hence it is crucial to have members who are willing to challenge the direction of the group, but not challenge the group itself, which will result in regression of the group’s progress, hence affect the effectiveness of assigned tasks. The forth stage of the life cycle of a group is referred to as â€Å"performing†. It is at this stage the group is at its most powerful, in terms of efficiency and performance, because it now more strategically aware of its purpose. The team is able to work toward achieving the goal of the group, and also to attend to relationship, style and process issues along the way. The group, which was established as an entity during the preceding phase, can now become a problem-solving instrument (B. W. Tuckman 1965). It does this by directing itself to members as objects, since the subjective relationship between members has already been established. Members can now adopt and play roles that will enhance the task activities of the group, since they have learned to relate to one another as social entities in the preceding stage (B. W. Tuckman et al). This performing stage is an advance continuation of stage three, which is the norming phase. The group now switches from collecting to processing the information given, then works collaboratively to find solutions to these problems using appropriate control measures, also try different solution methods, without being committed to one line of action. One problem that may occur at this stage is when ideas set forth by group members are challenged by other members within the group. This may result in personality conflicts and can cause regression as far back as stage one; hence a longer timeframe is needed for the completion of the given task. The fifth and final stage of the group’s life cycle is known as the â€Å"adjourning† phase, and is commonly referred to as the â€Å"mourning† phase because the group’s life has literally come to an end. This stage is about completion and disengagement from both the task and the group members (B. W. Tuckman). Members will be proud of having achieved accomplishment of the given task and glad to have been a part of the group. In this stage group members need to recognize what they have done and consciously move on. This stage is helpful particularly if members of a group have been closely bonded and have derived status or identity with in the group. It is important to manage carefully the adjourning of the group, since this emotional time should be made as meaningful as the group was. In conclusion, it should be noted that there are no fixed time limits for each stage of the group’s life cycle. Each step of the development process builds on the previous one and prepares that phase to progress to the performing phase. With every new challenge that the group is face with, the process repeats and initial phases may have to be revisited, causing regression of the group. Phases of the group’s life cycle may also overlap at any given time during the execution of the assigned task, however phases cannot be skipped as this will result in a negative effect of the performing stage of the group. Words (2156) Reference 1. Tuckman, Bruce W. (1965) Developmental sequence in small groups, 2. ATHERTON J S (2003) Learning and Teaching: Group Development 3. Tuckman, Bruce W. Jensen, M. A. Stages of small-group development revisited. Group Org. Studies 4. Tuckman, Bruce W. (1984) Citation classic Developmental sequence in small groups 5. Janis, Irving L. (1972). Victims of Groupthink. New York: Houghton Mifflin. 6. Mullins, L. (2005). Management and Organizational Behavior 7. Tony Chapman, Bill Best, Paul Van Casteren – Executive Coaching