Subsidiary Ledgers and Special Journals Essay Example for Free

Subsidiary Ledgers and Special Journals Essay A subsidiary ledger is a ledger that includes all of the details of a general ledger, and it holds accounts with similar attributes. The purpose is that is can contain things such as accounts receivable and accounts payable and it can show the sum total. The advantages of using subsidiary ledgers is that the sum of all the accounts is kept in the General Ledger and all of the details of the accounts are kept in the subsidiary ledger which is separate so you can keep them in different columns so to not get confused. A control account is an account that contains the total number of sales/purchases made. If you add up all of the individual accounts it should equal the control account, also known as a summary of the account. The purpose of a control account is that it doesn’t have to contain all of the details but it will have all of the financial information organized accurately. The accounts receivable and accounts payable ledgers are two general ledger accounts that act as control accounts for a subsidiary ledger. Cash receipts journal, cash payments journal, sales journal, and the purchase journal are the four different special journals of accounting. The advantages of all the journals are that transactions that occur on a daily basis can be put into a specific journal and one person can be in charge of that journal. All of the information can be tracked in one place which can make the work much easier as well. A cash payments journal can be used with any company that deals primarily with cash which is most companies. A cash receipts journal is sometimes used for the sales of a product to help track transactions. Purchase journals are used with companies that make a lot of purchases on one account while sales journals are for companies that perform purchases. The sales journal posts the sum on the general ledger at the end of the pay period/month.

Opposites Attract in Antony and Cleopatra Essay -- Antony Cleopatra Es

Opposites Attract in Antony and Cleopatra      Ã‚   William Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra is a play that is centred around a pair of historical lovers from two distinct cultures, Mark Antony from Rome and Queen Cleopatra from Egypt. The Roman and Egyptian cultures have vastly different norms and social ideas that are almost complete polar opposites in nature. These conflicting views are instrumental in the way that Cleopatra and Antony act. These two characters are so great in their respective societies that they serve as models to look to, although Antony may not be everybody's perfect vision of what a Roman should be. It is also important to look at not only what these two characters think of their cultures, but what cultural outsiders think as well. Through all of this, it will be shown how these primarily opposite cultures can function together, and bring together two of the most prominent lovers in all of Shakespeare, if not in all of recorded western history.    Cleopatra and Antony cannot be seen as average human beings. Never are they described in the same manner as Shakespeare would describe others in this play. "Each truly is all but everything in himself and herself, and knows it, and neither fears that he or she is really nothing in himself or herself, or nothing without the other" (Bloom, Modern Critical Interpretations 1). These two are magnificent and mighty characters, in very grand roles, both in this play and in history.    Antony, as one of the triumvirs, is much more than an individual Roman soldier. He is one of the three who hold the entire known world in a powerful authoritative grip. Antony, acknowledges the force and magnitude of his and Cleopatra's personalities when he sends a messa... ...rs, 1988. 109-35. Barton, Anne. "'Nature's Piece 'Gainst Fancy': The Divided Catastrophe in Antony and Cleopatra." Modern Critical Interpretations: William Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1988. 35-55. Bloom, Harold, ed. Introduction. Modern Critical Interpretations: William Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1988. ---. Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human. New York: Riverhead Books, 1998. Kittredge, George Lyman. Introduction. Antony and Cleopatra. By William Shakespeare. Waltham, MA: Blaisdell Publishing Company, 1966. Markels, Julian. The Pillar of the World: Antony and Cleopatra in Shakespeare's Development. Ohio: Ohio State University Press, 1968. Shakespeare, William. Antony and Cleopatra. Ed. John Wilders. London: Routledge, 1995.    Opposites Attract in Antony and Cleopatra Essay -- Antony Cleopatra Es Opposites Attract in Antony and Cleopatra      Ã‚   William Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra is a play that is centred around a pair of historical lovers from two distinct cultures, Mark Antony from Rome and Queen Cleopatra from Egypt. The Roman and Egyptian cultures have vastly different norms and social ideas that are almost complete polar opposites in nature. These conflicting views are instrumental in the way that Cleopatra and Antony act. These two characters are so great in their respective societies that they serve as models to look to, although Antony may not be everybody's perfect vision of what a Roman should be. It is also important to look at not only what these two characters think of their cultures, but what cultural outsiders think as well. Through all of this, it will be shown how these primarily opposite cultures can function together, and bring together two of the most prominent lovers in all of Shakespeare, if not in all of recorded western history.    Cleopatra and Antony cannot be seen as average human beings. Never are they described in the same manner as Shakespeare would describe others in this play. "Each truly is all but everything in himself and herself, and knows it, and neither fears that he or she is really nothing in himself or herself, or nothing without the other" (Bloom, Modern Critical Interpretations 1). These two are magnificent and mighty characters, in very grand roles, both in this play and in history.    Antony, as one of the triumvirs, is much more than an individual Roman soldier. He is one of the three who hold the entire known world in a powerful authoritative grip. Antony, acknowledges the force and magnitude of his and Cleopatra's personalities when he sends a messa... ...rs, 1988. 109-35. Barton, Anne. "'Nature's Piece 'Gainst Fancy': The Divided Catastrophe in Antony and Cleopatra." Modern Critical Interpretations: William Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1988. 35-55. Bloom, Harold, ed. Introduction. Modern Critical Interpretations: William Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1988. ---. Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human. New York: Riverhead Books, 1998. Kittredge, George Lyman. Introduction. Antony and Cleopatra. By William Shakespeare. Waltham, MA: Blaisdell Publishing Company, 1966. Markels, Julian. The Pillar of the World: Antony and Cleopatra in Shakespeare's Development. Ohio: Ohio State University Press, 1968. Shakespeare, William. Antony and Cleopatra. Ed. John Wilders. London: Routledge, 1995.   

Boutique Management System Essay

1. DESCRIPTION: The project is entitled as â€Å"BOUTIQUE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM† is developed by Visual Basic as front end and MS-Access as the back end. This project is designed to provide the easy access to maintain the reports of boutique service. This project is very useful to the all type of boutique service. By using this project we can maintain the reports of placing-order and delivery details, customer details, details, branch office details and working staff details. This project is developed with the help of visual basic 6.0. Boutique service is necessary and important for the society. A boutique is a small-scale to medium-scale shop employed to order raw dress materials, customized tailoring and delivered by the given date. Boutiques are distinguished from ordinary to expensive studio by features such as advanced techniques of perfect fashion tailoring, specialization and individualization of services, and committed delivery time, which are optional for most everyday services. As a special service, boutiques are usually expensive than usual boutique services, and their use is typically restricted to type of orders where one or more of these features are considered important enough to warrant the cost. Different boutique services operate on all scales, from within specific towns or cities, to regional, national and global services. In cities, there are often many boutique for various specialities. Owner operate alone or in small groups.. Here we design the project which involves the following data base. * Placing-Order and delivery details * Delivery Status * Customer details * Branch office details * Employee details The placing-order and delivery database contain the information about the cloth tailoring booking dates and customer name, delivery date, and delivery report. The delivery report has information such as the receiving person sign and whether the goods are delivered with good condition or not, the date and time of delivery. The customer database contains information about regular customer details such as customer name, address and their accounts details. Usually the boutique shops may or may not have branches across the cities and country so the branch office’s profit and booking, delivery details are maintained in the different database. The employee data base contain the personal details of staff such as employee name, address, data of joining, salary per month, mobile number, blood group. SYSTEM STUDY System analysis is a process of gathering the facts concerning the system breaking them into elements and relationship between elements. It provides a framework for visualizing the organizational and environmental factors that operate on a system. The quality of work performed by a machine is usually uniform, neat and more reliable when compared to doing the same operations manually. 2.1 EXISTING SYSTEM The Placing-Order details, the customer details and the Delivery Details are maintained manually. The study of the existing system revealed that the system has several drawbacks. DRAWBACKS * The existing system has no security measure against logging in and no checks are made for authorized users. * The end user has to remember a lot of command to make efficient use of the system. * The system does not have any descriptive reports and thus did not help management in decision-making. * The Delivery information per day is sometimes unable to find. * Enormous amount of time is consumed PROPOSED SYSTEM The proposed system is been developed to maintain the Boutique Management for customers to maintain the Placing-Order details, Customer details, Delivery details, etc., BENEFITS * The user can enter only if the username and the password are correct. * The process of planning will be easy since every process is computerized. * Time Saving. * The Delivery information per day and per month can be known. * The details of the all saved information can be viewed. * The data can be accessed easily whenever needed and so the manual work can be reduced SYSTEM ENVIRONMENT: HARDWARE CONFIGURATION: PROCESSOR: PENTIUM IV HARD DISK CAPACITY: 40 GB MONITOR: 14 â€Å"SAMTRON MONITOR FLOPPY DISK DRIVE: 1.44 MB PRINTER: TVS 80 COLOR INTERNAL MEMORY CAPACITY: 128 MB KEYBOARD: LOGITECH OF 104 KEYS CPU CLOCK: 1.08 GHz MOUSE: LOGITECH MOUSE SOFTWARE CONFIGURATION: OPERATING SYSTEM: WINDOWS XP FRONT END : VISUAL BASIC6.0 BACK END : MS-Access 2003 Software Details Front End Visual Basic (VB) is a computer programming language. VB is the third-generation event-driven programming language an Intregrated Development Environment (IDE) from Microsoft for its COM programming model. VB is also considered a relatively easy to learn and use programming language, because of its graphical development features and BASIC heritage. Visual Basic was derived from BASIC and enables the rapid application development (RAD) of graphical user interface (GUI) applications, access to databases using Data Access Objects, Remote Data Objects, or ActiveX Data Objects, and creation of ActiveX controls and objects. Scripting languages such as VBA and VBScript are syntactically similar to Visual Basic, but perform differently. A programmer can put together an application using the components provided with Visual Basic itself. Programs written in Visual Basic can also use the Windows API, but doing so requires external function declarations. Back End Microsoft Office Access, previously known as Microsoft Access, is a relational database management system from Microsoft that combines the relational Microsoft Jet Database Engine with a graphical user interface and software development tools. It is a member of the 2007 Microsoft Office system. Access can use data stored in Access/Jet, Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle, or any ODBC-compliant data container (including MySQL and PostgreSQL). Skilled software developers and data architects use it to develop application software. Relatively unskilled programmers and non-programmer â€Å"power users† can use it to build simple applications. It supports some object-oriented techniques but falls short of being a fully object-oriented development tool. Access was also the name of a communications program from Microsoft, meant to compete with ProComm and other programs. This proved a failure and was dropped. Years later Microsoft reused the name for its database software. Access version 1.0 was released in November 1992. Since that time, the following versions have been released: 2.0, 95, 97, 2000, 2002 (also called XP), 2003, and the latest, 2007. Microsoft specified the minimum operating system for Version 2.0 as Microsoft Windows v3.0 with 4 MB of RAM. 6 MB RAM was recommended along with a minimum of 8 MB of available hard disk space (14 MB hard disk space recommended). The product was shipped on seven 1.44 MB diskettes. The manual shows a 1993 copyright date. The software worked well with very large records sets but testing showed some circumstances caused data corruption. For example, file sizes over 700 MB were problematic (note that most hard disks were smaller than 700 MB at the time this was in wide use). The Getting Started manual warns about a number of circumstances where obsolete device drivers or incorrect configurations can cause data loss. Access’s initial codename was Cirrus; the forms engine was called Ruby. This was before Visual Basic – Bill Gates saw the prototypes and decided that the BASIC language component should be co-developed as a separate expandable application, a project called Thunder. The two projects were developed separately as the underlying forms engines were incompatible with each other; however, these were merged together again after VBA.

Shooting an Elephant Essays - 1356 Words

In the essay, Shooting an Elephant, George Orwell illustrates his experiences as a British police officer in Lower Burma, and reflects it to the nature of imperialism. Since â€Å"anti-European feeling was very bitter† due to the British Empire’s dictatorship in Burma, Orwell is being treated disrespectfully by the Burmese (12). This allows him to hate his job and the British Empire. However, the incident of shooting of an elephant gives him a â€Å"better glimpse †¦ of the real nature of imperialism – the real motives for which despotic government act† (13). Through his life experiences as a British man, Orwell efficiently demonstrates the negative effects of imperialism on individuals and society. With the usage of effective diction in his†¦show more content†¦He calls himself a â€Å"puppet† to prove and emphasize the fact that even the oppressors lose their freedom and have to live under the pressure of the people they oppress when an imperialist system takes place in the society. Also, Orwell establishes particular effects in his essay by using different sentence structures. As Orwell comes to the decision of shooting the elephant, he states, â€Å"To come all that way, rifle in hand, with two thousand people marching at my heels, and then to trail feebly away, having done nothing – no, that was impossible† (15). The parallel phrases used in this passage recaps the whole situation but the usage of anacoluthon in the end of the link allows Orwell to show how much he is pressurized. In addition, it indicates the readers that there is no way for him to leave the elephant alive after coming to this stage of the situation. Orwell again uses parallel phrases to describe the effects on the elephant after the first shot: â€Å"He looked suddenly stricken, shrunken, immensely old, as though the frightful impact of the bullet had paralyzed him without knocking him down† (16). This structure helps Orwell to intensify the shock and the reaction in the readers as the elephant starts dying. Lack of a grammatical sequence is used when Orwell goes out to kill an elephant and says, â€Å"I had no intention of shooting the elephant – I had merely sent for the rifleShow MoreRelated Shooting an Elephant1601 Words   |  7 PagesOrwell spent the next twenty years as a writer; the essay â€Å"Shooting an Elephant,† set in the Burma of the 1920s and written in 1936, is one of his most famous works. In the early twentieth century, Burma was still a colony of Britain but anti-imperialism protests and social movements developed very fast, causing â€Å"great tension between Burmese, Indians and English, between civilians and police† (Meyers 56). Orwell’s essay â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† is based on this historical tension. In this essay, OrwellRead MoreShooting an Elephant840 Words   |  4 PagesDISCUSS ORWELLS USE OF PERSUASIVE TOOLS SUCH AS, SYMBOLI SM, METAPHORS AND IRONY IN THIS ESSAY AND EXPLAIN HOW HE USES EACH OF THESE TO CONVEY HIS ARGUMENT OR MESSAGE In the extract, Shooting An Elephant Orwell conveys his message through the use of various persuasive tools. He wants the reader to identify when somebody assumes power. This technique is used to show that the powerful are also a captive to the will of people they control. Everyone involved in the situation becomes affected. InRead MoreAnalysis Of Shooting An Elephant813 Words   |  4 Pagespleased and wishes to keep his reputation high. In the short story, â€Å"Shooting an Elephant†, George Orwell, who writes from his own experiences, describes the life of the narrator, a policeman in a foreign country, Burma. The narrator feels forced to shoot a wild elephant that has destroyed parts of a village. He does not want to shoot the elephant, but because the Burmese around him seem determined and excited to see the elephant die, the narrator feels compelled to do what the natives request toRead More Shooting an Elephant Essay1373 Words   |  6 Pagesessay, Shooting an Elepha nt, George Orwell illustrates his experiences as a British police officer, and reflects it to the nature of imperialism. He hates his job as a police officer in Moulmein because an â€Å"anti-European feeling was very bitter† due to British Empire’s dictatorship in Burma. Therefore, Orwell, a white man is being treated disrespectfully by the Burmese which allows him to hate his job and British Empire, the root of everything. However, the incident of shooting of an elephant givesRead MoreEssay on Shooting an Elephant486 Words   |  2 Pages â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;I was not comfortable with many aspects of this story. The prejudice throughout the book was unimaginable, I find I am uncomfortable with any kind of bigotry. Reading of the Burmese people and their disrespect toward someone who was there to â€Å"protect and serve†, was difficult. I suppose I am naà ¯ve, I try to hold on to the belief that people of God are inherently good. I know there are bad apples in all walks of life, bad people areRead MoreShooting An Elephant By George Orwell1670 Words   |  7 Pageseventually caused me to comply. In â€Å"Shooting an Elephant,† by George Orwell, Orwell faced a similar dilemma. â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† is an essay that depicts Orwell’s conflictions about shooting a rampaging elephant while he served as an Imperial policeman in Burma during British colonial rule. In his essay, Orwell describes the difficult decision of whether or not to shoot the elephant and why he made his decision. Although he did not initially want to shoot the elephant, the social pressure of being surroundedRead MoreShooting an Elephant by George Orwell 884 Words   |  4 Pageshuddled in the corner in a state of shock with blood marks on his head and back. However, as I inspected the parakeets back closer, I saw that in fact the blood was flesh from the base of the wing which was missing. Similarly, like Orwell in Shooting an Elephant, I did not know what to do in the situation but I had to find a solution (pg.230). I did not have a clue how to treat an injured bird or if I should figure out first what and how the incident happened. The parakeet was bleeding heavily andRead MoreShooting an Elephant Literary Analysis895 Words   |  4 Pagesstory â€Å"Shooting an Elephant,† demonstrates the total dangers of the unlimited authority a state has and the astounding presentment of â€Å"future dystopia†. In the story, Orwell finds himself to be in an intricate situation that involves an elephant. Not only does the fate of the elephant’s life lie in Orwell’s hands, he has an audience of people behind him cheering him on, making his decision much more difficult to make. Due to the vast crowd surrounding his thoughts, Orwell kills the elephant in theRead MoreThe Feminine Mystique And Shooting An Elephant898 Words   |  4 PagesBoth The Feminine Mystique and â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† discuss the confrontation between the self and society. In The Feminine Mystique, Betty Friedan addresses â€Å"The Problem That Has No Name† referring to the widespread unhappiness of the housewife due to their obligation to uphold their ideal image rather than pursuing their dreams; in â€Å"Shooting an Elephant†, George Orwell comments on the societal expectations of imperialism and its effects on people who have the duty to uphold the law. In both ofRead More George Orwells Shooting an Elephant Essay783 Words   |  4 PagesGeorge Orwells Shooting an Elephant In Shooting an Elephant, George Orwell finds himself in a difficult situation involving an elephant. The fate of the elephant lies in his hands. Only he can make the final decision. In the end, due to Orwells decision, the elephant lay dying in a pool of blood. Orwell wins the sympathy of readers by expressing the pressure he feels as an Anglo-Indian in Burma, struggling with his morals, and showing a sense of compassion for the dying animal.

Child Abuse Within Public Schools - 3070 Words

Introduction: Child abuse in public school systems Child abuse is defined as a physical or maltreatment or sexual abuse of a child. Middle class families have more reported cases of their children being abused in public schools. In this research the study of child abuse in public schools will be conducted. The public school systems have numerous of abusers on campus that gets caught and reported. The abusers in the school system use authoritative discipline against the kids. Children under the age of eleven are normally forced to participate in sexual activities with their abuser due to their inability to recognize a predator. Authoritative abusers in the school system use their authority to discipline the kids. In order for children to grow they need discipline to shape them. The learning process to teach children the approximate behavior is disciplining them; unlike discipline abuse is not a learning process because it does not teach correct behavior. Some children that are abused in public school, their parents normally can’t afford to pay for a private school. The low-income families’ children are more prone to undergo abuse and be abused due to financial problems. Some families become abusive because they may have lost their jobs, deaths in the family or split househ olds for example those going through a divorce. Children under eleven are easy to influence to let you do anything to them. There are closed correlation between abuse in home and abuse in school. IfShow MoreRelatedBecoming a Mandated Reporter1229 Words   |  5 PagesUnit 6 Project: Child abuse and what it takes to be a mandated reporter Kaplan University CM 107-27 1. Introduction: A What is a Mandated Reporter B. Profession that are to report child abuse 2. What is child abuse ? A) What are the different types of child abuse? B) Physical Abuse, Sexual Abuse Maltreatment and child neglect 3) What are the steps in reporting child abuse A) Keeping it confidential B) State regulation on how to report C) How to deal with parents on notification Read MoreCorporal Punishment with Respect to the Private and Public Sphere1187 Words   |  5 Pagescorporal punishment in the public sphere and in the private sphere. Corporal punishment on children in the private sphere is administered by parents. It is legally accepted in South Africa, provided that the requirements are met. The public sphere’s position is much different in the sense that the government along with all schools have no authority to physically discipline school children anymore. Authority to exercise corporal punishment often leads to abuse of power, child abuse and feelings of superiorityRead MoreCorporal Punishment in the Private and Public Sphere in South Africa1190 Words   |  5 Pagesin the public sphere and in the private sphere. Corporal punishment on children in the private sphere is administered by parents. It is still legally accepted in South Africa, provided that the requirements are met. Parents know their children best and have the authority to discipline their children in such a way as to benefit the child in the future. They are equipping the child with the necessary manners, morals and good character which will be essential for a bright future. The public sphere’sRead MoreBreaking The Cycle Of Child Abuse1628 Words   |  7 Pages Breaking the Cycle of Child Abuse Alyssa Salcido 4 November 2015 Childhood and Adolescent Development 3303 Dr. Gallik According to Pecora, Sanders, Wilson, English, Puckett Rudlang-Perman (2014), â€Å"Every year in the USA, about 695,000 unique children are confirmed as victims of child maltreatment (US Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Administration on Children, Youth and Families, Children’s Bureau 2011) (p. 321). Such startlingRead MoreHealth Disparities And Prevention Of Child Abuse856 Words   |  4 Pagesin the incidences, prevalence, morbidity and mortality in child abuse can be seen when the caregiver becomes aggravated with their situation. Usually an individual with issues within themselves commit child abuse. Prevention of child abuse will never go away sadly approximately 896,000 American children were victims of abuse and neglect and 1,400 children died. Within the four areas, neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse and emotional abuse lies the problem. By working with the families and educateRead MoreChildren Of A Child Protec tion Process Essay1551 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent organisations that may be involved when a young person or child has been abused or harmed. This includes health visitors, GP’s, the police, schools, the NSPCC, psychologists, school nurses and probation workers. Health visitors have a vital role in protecting children from harm and abuse because they are one of the first to recognise children who are likely to be abused or neglected. They play a big part in all stages of a child protection process including case reviews. They support and guideRead MoreImpact of Child Abuse in the United States Essay1469 Words   |  6 PagesChild abuse in the United States is a growing epidemic. Every year the number of reported cases, and missing children go up. This is caused mostly by lack of education about the different types of child abuse, and the signs that go along with it. Communities need to provide more resources to better educate the public about the types of abuse, and the signs that go along with it. Child abuse and neglect can be lessened by more resources, more education and to reach out to others. Every year an approximateRead MoreEach Day The Children Are At Risk Of Becoming Victims Of1634 Words   |  7 PagesEach day the children are at risk of becoming victims of abuse and neglect by the hands of their guardians, caregivers, families and parents. The reality of child abuse and neglect is not a new phenomenon. Unfortunately, the rise of such injustice is becoming more prevalent. The magnitude of this problem is overwhelming to many professionals such as law enforcement, social workers, teachers and doctors. Throughout society child perpetrators have a long list of traceable history of problems, disputesRead MoreThe Importance Of Safeguarding Children And Young People1585 Words   |  7 Pagesand it is our job as adults to ensure this is carried out. We are responsible for protecting them and keeping them from harm. It is our duty to protect them whilst they are at school, but also follow up any concerns we have with regards to things happening outside of school. This sh ould be fully stated in the school’s child protection and safeguarding policies. Governors, as well as parents should be made of aware of these policies and staff should be fully trained in this area. A safeguarding policyRead MorePreventing Child Abuse By Donna J. Stone984 Words   |  4 Pages Prevent Child Abuse America is one of my top list organizations that makes a really big difference to preventing child abuse. The Prevent Child Abuse America is the organization founded in 1972 by Donna J. Stone. Their mission is â€Å"to prevent the abuse and neglect of our nation s children.† This organization helped and saved many innocent lives who suffered from abuse. They offer children to be able to stand again and seek better opportunity despite of being a victim of child abuse. They have

Medea Vs Medea - 1233 Words

Who is Medea? Many famous pieces of literature end up being turned into some sort of movie or any other form of cinematography. Whether the story was written in 2016 or 431 B.C.E it does not matter as long as viewers end up being entertained. This is the case with director Jules Dassin, who made a movie based on the poet Euripides’s well-known tragedy Medea. Tragedies were a type of play that ancient Greeks would write/perform that involved mysteries and conflict based on a death of a character or a conflict that leads to the death of a character. Ironically the movie A Dream of Passion is about an actress (Maya) and her journey to be Medea in a play based on what Euripides wrote 2448 years ago and not the literal play itself. Both pieces†¦show more content†¦This is the defining part of the play on who Medea is; someone that creates her own fate and disprove expectations. Which is what led her to the conclusion of killing her own children, knowing that this will hurt Jason the most, even over being murdered. Because men primarily care about family lineage and Medea ended Jason’s family forever with this heinous act. All these events portray Medea as a fearsome sorceress that will not tolerate being taken advantage of. Her traits of power and strength come during the scene when she is about to kill her children and is indecisive; but in the end her anger towards Jason overpowered her love of the children and she murders them. In the last scene of the play when she is above Jason in a godly chariot pulled by snakes the audience gets a sense of her cleverness and how she is different from other female characters. She will not risk being captured and was always two steps ahead of Jason the whole time. This is far different than what is usually expected, because the hero is defeated by a woman and she leaves without any sort of punishment. Medea as described in this play is a powerful/revengeful sorceress that outwitted her husband and manage d to escape punishment for filicide. In the movie, A Dream of Passion Medea is a much more complex character, because she is characterized through many characters instead of just one. The movie revolves around an actress named Maya whoShow MoreRelatedEssay on Jason vs Odysseus937 Words   |  4 PagesArtful VS Artless Both famous heroes from antiquity, Jason and Odysseus have much in common and just as much not. It has been said that The Voyage of the Argo, written centuries past The Odyssey, is an imitation or some form of plagiarism of the primary epic poem of ancient Greece. I like the other train of thought; it is more an acknowledgement or tip of the hat, so to speak, specifically to The Odyssey. Both tales center on a hero and a fantastic voyage. Jason was less the virtuous demi-God weRead MoreThe Power of Fate vs. Free Will in Medea and Macbeth1850 Words   |  8 PagesThe Power of Fate vs. Free Will in Medea and Macbeth Throughout both Medea and Macbeth, there is a clear and heavy presence of the gods. This begs the question, are the characters in charge of their own destiny, or are their fates already written? Fate is described as â€Å"that  which  is  inevitably  predetermined;  destiny.† It can be said that it is the gods who are in charge of creating the character’s fates. In both Medea and Macbeth, there is a common theme of placing too much trust into fate, ratherRead MoreAnalysis Of Medea And The Bacchae 1325 Words   |  6 PagesIn Euripides’ plays, Medea and The Bacchae, binary oppositions are present, such as the opposition between man and god, foreigner and citizen, and men and women. Binary oppositions are opposing terms that are put head to head in a piece of literature to show contrasting ideas (Marvin, 1). Binary oppositions can also be â€Å"good vs. bad,† such as in the case of man and god. The first binary opposition that is present in both plays is man and god. Marvin describes binary oppositions as being againstRead MoreBinary Oppositions Vs. Evil1190 Words   |  5 Pages Have you ever tried to examine a piece of writing? Did you see a connection between characters, plots, themes? One thing you might not have noticed is binary oppositions. Now all readers will see some universal oppositions such as good vs. evil, but as Corey Martin said in his paper there are many oppositions in literature, some are noticeable, some are not. Now why would a reader want to look for binary oppositions in literature? Quite simply binary oppositions add some familiarity to the workRead MoreMedea and Othello1559 Words   |  7 PagesTwo tragedies from two different time period, Medea and Othello show similarities and differences in their characters, story plots and settings. 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The Role the Uppsala Model-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the Uppsala Model of the Internationalization of the firms. Answer: Introduction: The report gives an overview of the Uppsala Model of Firm Internationalization. In order to do this, the report discusses about initial proposal of the Uppsala Model. There is also mention about how it helps in explaining the internationalization process with the help of four stages. The report also gives us an overview of the two versions of the Uppsala Model, where the older version focuses on the uncertainty level of the market whereas the newer version focuses on relationships and networks. The report in order to explain the internationalization process puts forward the state side variables according to both the versions, There is also mention of the change side variables based on both the versions. The report also discusses about the network perspective of the new Uppsala Model. Further, the report also takes examples to explain the extent to which the Uppsala Model contributes in explaining the internationalization process. Uppsala Model of Firm Internationalization The first proposal of Internationalization of an individual firm on an incremental basis made by the researchers of Uppsala University of Sweden and considered as the Uppsala Model of firm Internationalization. The Uppsala Model depends on incremental decisions, the successive steps of which depend on learning and acquisition of knowledge on the foreign market and operation (Vahlne and Johanson 2013). The Uppsala Model of Firm internationalization process has four stages that explain the impact of the current environment of the firm on the perception effect of learning and opportunity. The four stages includes export activities not undertaken regularly, export through independent representatives, sales subsidiary and manufacturing or production. Most authors consider the model dynamic since the result of a single process serves as the input for the processes of the next step that will provide input for the upcoming process and the process continues. However, the circular relationship that exists between the concepts makes a statement that the process does not indicate a beginning or end. Thus, the Uppsala Model ensures in making a distinction between the state and change variables where each of them identified to have two aspects. There are however two versions of the Uppsala Model, one is the older version and the other is the newer version. The old Model focuses on specific firms and the activities it has in the foreign market and the level of uncertainty in the market, the new model puts more focus on networks and relationships (Shane 2012). Figure: The Internationalization Process Model Source: (Johanson and Mattsson 2015) The State Side: The state variables in the original model refer to the aspects that have a fixed nature on a temporary basis that refers to the present position or situation. However, since the process of internationalization take place within the network of the firm therefore, the current position of the network forms an important aspect. Based on the previous version of the model, this aspect only referred to market commitment (Costa e Silva et.al 2012). However, the updated model put forward an argument that market commitment was a narrower concept so the model made an inclusion of the current relations of the firm. These relations characterized by commitment, trust and level of knowledge. Thus, within this position, the firm can not only seize opportunities of the market but also develop knowledge. The second aspect of the state variables focuses on the opportunities and knowledge. Knowledge refers to the present knowledge on the foreign market within the firm. However, this knowledge is critical for recognizing opportunities (Zhu, Wittmann and Peng 2012). However, according to the present Uppsala Model a firm is able to recognize the opportunities that lie outside the boundaries in the context of network. Thus, the knowledge of internal capabilities is important as resource knowledge within the entire network. The Change Side: The change variables in the original model refer to the aspects of the change that included current as well as committed decisions. The term relationship added to commitment decision for clarification of the firms decision on further commitment of relationships within the specific country. However, the updated model has replaced the current activities through trust building, creation and learning. The model considers the current activities as important but more focus is on the outcome of current activities (Figueira de Lemos 2013). However, experiential learning has been part of both the versions of the model though there have been additions on the various learning processes on the newer version. This remains as the most important form of learning. Trust building finds an importance in the newer version with the addition of the network view. Thus, there should be a presence of mutual trust for network or relations to be rewarding. This implies every aspect of internationalization pro cess remains interlinked. An international firm gathers knowledge based on its current network position. On the other hand, the firms ability in perceiving opportunities depending on which relationship commitment decisions made depends on the entire amount of knowledge. The decisions taken again leads to the trust building, creation and learning of the firm that will enable the firm in forming a newer position with the passage of time. Thus, the cycle of events and actions leads to the understanding of the internationalization process of the Uppsala Model thereby starting with high uncertainty and low commitment that increases on an incremental basis with the increase of knowledge. The Network Theory within the Uppsala Model The perspective of Network added to the original version of Uppsala Model because of increasing globalization, communication and new information technologies. However, the entry mode and the choice of country depend on the position and network of the firm (Teece 2012). According to the updated version of the model, business environment referred as an international network of relations because of the fact that the boundaries between markers and firms remained vague in the last decades. There has been instances when companies become a part of various networks and is linked in various ways that either differ in closeness and complexity compared to other firms. Thus, for ensuring success in the overseas market it is very necessary for the firms to form a strong network. Therefore, the relations of a firm created through social engagements with other existing firms where the concerned firm gets involved through sequential and interactive development. Thus, with the evolution of the relati on the firm is able to not only accumulate knowledge but also trust. Thus, through participation in networks firms are not only expanding their knowledge but also reducing uncertainty. The older version of the Uppsala Model, commitment and uncertainty are the two determining factors that defines the risk level associated with market entry which is also the fundamental aspect of the newer version. However, uncertainty defines the lack of knowledge of the firm about the present market and commitment reflects the resources invested by the firm in the foreign market (Hilmersson and Jansson 2013). The firm is not only risking but also loosing these resources through investment and operation of such an uncertain market. Thus, through changing the level of commitment and market knowledge a firm can have an impact on its risk level. Therefore, the relationship between the factors determined by the following formula: R= U x CR where, R represents total associated risk, U represents uncertainty faced and C represents commitment. In the early version of Uppsala Model for internationalization of firm, uncertainty depends on psychic and physical distance between the foreign and the home market. The physical distance however refers to the distance in geographic terms between both the markets while psychic distance refers to the all the factors responsible for prevention of information flow from and to the foreign market (Hutzschenreuter, Kleindienst and Lange 2014). These factors include education, language, culture and industrial development. However, with the introduction of the network perspective into the model, the focus on psychic factors reduced and the importance of being a part of the knowledge accumulation network increased. Explanation to what Extent Uppsala Model Helps in Understanding Internationalization Process of Firms The expansion or internationalization of a firm according to the Uppsala Model depends on the psychic distance that determines the entry to the foreign market that is not only familiar but also closer to host country (Devinney 2013). The psychic distance however depends on factors that include language, education, culture, business practice and industrial development. Thus, the spread of international operations geographically depends on the cultural proximity and geography of the foreign countries. However, in terms of modes of entry, the incremental expansion for market commitment defined by the initial entry in a foreign market through a commitment mode that is followed by higher levels of commitment in the market. On a similar basis commitment based on the level of ownership correlates with psychic distance where entry mode involves low ownership in the market with greater psychic distance from the home country (Johanson and Mattsson 2015). The Uppsala Model of firm internationalization has substantial attention and appeal because of its largely intuitive nature, simplicity and evolutionary learning perspective that leads to an attractive framework. Thus, in order to explain the extent of Uppsala Model in the internationalization process of firms, multinationals from textile or electronics industry selected (Jiang et.al 2012). Three firms examined each from textile and electronic industry in Taiwan. These firms started as suppliers then transformed into original manufacturers of equipments and finally ventured into the manufacturing activities in the home country. In case of the Taiwanese firms chose the global market of China because of lower psychic distance considerations. However, in the global market most of the firms acted as original equipment suppliers and continued to expand in the overseas market that supported the investment pattern put forward by the Uppsala Model (Pierce and Aguinis 2013). Thus, the Uppsala Model helped in the identification of two unique decisions, the first being the choice of country and second being the way of entry in addition to considering how the choices gets determined through psychic distance (Kolstad and Wiig 2012.). While discussing internationalization in the perspective of Uppsala Model, the focus was mainly on how the firms started its manufacturing across the borders. However, traditional business practice enabled the firms in utilizing the sister concern for undertaking the manufacturing facilities abroad before the establishment of the facilities for their own manufacturing (Poulis, Poulis and Plakoyiannaki 2013). This kind of joint ventures were a part of the predictions of the Uppsala Model. There were instances when firms neither went through all the stages nor the safest mode of entry ensured did they ensure the safest entry modes when psychic distance remained high. Thus, the firm that leapfrogged stages experienced international ization. In the context of Uppsala Model for internationalization, if one of the textile firms of Taiwan started finishing and dyeing firm for the customers then it would have to make an investment that enhanced its capacity (Mura and Gaparkov 2014). As per the upgraded model, if the textile firm instead of investing in capacity invested in network building with the established suppliers that had excess capacity. This helped the Taiwanese company in better internationalization with the help of the network perspective of the Uppsala Model (Kuivalainen et. al 2012). Conclusion: The report by explaining the role the Uppsala Model plays in the internationalization process of firms. In doing so, an example of a textile industry in Taiwan is drawn. Thus, based on the Uppsala Model the internationalization decision examined in two parts, the first is the choice of the market and the second refers to the mode of entry. However, observation from the discussion is that the country choice and the mode of entry get determined with the help of psychic distance. Thus, internationalization of firms according to the Uppsala Model passes through different investment stages that begins with export and ends with owning manufacturing subsidiaries in countries. A firms entry into another country for manufacturing is examined and anticipation was made that the choice of the country would be determined by psychic distance and networking. The report also gives a descriptive analysis of the Uppsala Model of Internationalization based on the four stages. In addition, there has bee n a mention of two version of the Uppsala Model that accordingly explains that state side and change side variables respectively References: Costa e Silva, S., Pacheco, E., Meneses, R. and Brito, C., 2012. The importance of second-hand knowledge in the revised Uppsala model: can European textiles producers export to China?.Journal of Global Marketing,25(3), pp.141-160. Devinney, T.M., 2013. Is microfoundational thinking critical to management thought and practice?.The Academy of Management Perspectives,27(2), pp.81-84. Figueira de Lemos, F., 2013.A political view on the internationalization process(Doctoral dissertation, Uppsala universitet). 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